General Biology II - Exam 1
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Questions and Answers

What characteristics are associated with a protostome?

  • Radial cleavage and indeterminate cell fate, with the anus forming first.
  • Spiral cleavage and determinate cell fate, with the mouth forming first. (correct)
  • Spiral cleavage and indeterminate cell fate, with the mouth forming first.
  • Radial cleavage and determinate cell fate, with the mouth forming first.

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

  • The study of similar characteristics between related species.
  • The differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on heritable traits. (correct)
  • The advantage of heterozygotes over homozygotes in a population.
  • The process where random mutations increase the genetic variation.

Which mechanism significantly contributes to genetic diversity through the formation of gametes?

  • Asexual reproduction of offspring.
  • The action of DNA repair enzymes to fix mutations.
  • The reduction of UV exposure using suncreen
  • The independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis. (correct)

In the context of evolutionary biology, how is the concept of fitness best defined?

<p>The measure of an individual's reproductive success, in terms of gene copies passed from one generation to another. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A severe environmental event dramatically reduces population size which causes a change in allele frequencies. What is this example of?

<p>Genetic drift caused by a bottleneck effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a term for a cytoplasmic projection used for locomotion in some protists?

<p>Pseudopodia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anatomically, which plane separates the dorsal and ventral portions of an animal?

<p>Frontal plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A phylogenetic group that includes a common ancestor but not all of its descendants is classified as:

<p>Paraphyletic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a rabbit population, a new colony has been established after rabbits swam across a river and interbred. What is the most likely mechanism of evolution in this scenario?

<p>Gene flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a fundamental inference made by Darwin about the process of natural selection?

<p>Adaptive traits accumulate over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protostome Development

In protostomes, the mouth forms first and cell fate is determinate.

Natural Selection

The process where some phenotypes survive and reproduce better than others.

Genetic Diversity Creation

Independent assortment of chromosomes leads to genetic diversity during gamete formation.

Fitness in Evolution

Fitness refers to an organism's ability to reproduce effectively in its environment.

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Bottleneck Effect

A drastic reduction in population size leads to a loss of genetic diversity.

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Cytoplasmic streaming

Locomotion in some protists using movement of cytoplasm.

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Dorsal and ventral division

An anatomical plane separating an animal into back and belly.

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Paraphyletic clade

A group from a single ancestor excluding some descendants.

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Gene flow

Evolutionary mechanism when individuals interbreed between populations.

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Syncytial hypothesis

Proposes multicellular animals arose from a multinucleate cell.

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Study Notes

General Biology II - Winter 2025 Exam 1

  • Protostomes: Characterized by spiral, determinate cleavage, and mouth formation preceding the anus.

  • Survival: Survival of certain phenotypes compared to others, followed by successful reproduction, is a key aspect of natural selection.

  • Genetic Diversity: Independent assortment of chromosomes during gamete formation is a primary mechanism for generating genetic variation.

  • Estimated Number of Described Animals: Approximately 1.5 million species of animals have been described and named to date.

  • Fitness: Fitness is defined as the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce relative to other organisms in the population. This includes survival of the strongest, ability to reproduce, and ability to spread one allele relative to another.

  • Bottleneck Effect: A strong event that dramatically reduces the size of a population, thus reducing genetic diversity. A drastic loss of genetic variation occurs.

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Prepare for your Winter 2025 General Biology II Exam 1 with this comprehensive quiz covering key concepts such as protostomes, natural selection, genetic diversity, and the bottleneck effect. Evaluate your understanding and readiness to tackle these fundamental topics in biology. Good luck!

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