General Biology I - Diversity of Life Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a main characteristic of the cell wall of Archaea?

  • It is made of peptidoglycan
  • It is composed of different chemicals (correct)
  • It contains cellulose
  • It is similar to bacterial cell walls
  • Which of the following is NOT a helpful activity of bacteria?

  • Producing vitamin K in the stomach of humans
  • Digesting cellulose in the stomach of cows
  • Causing tissue damage (correct)
  • Decomposing organic material
  • Which category of Archaea includes organisms that thrive in extreme environments?

  • Non extreme archaea
  • Prokaryotic cells
  • Methanogens
  • Extremophiles (correct)
  • Which of these statements about bacteria is true?

    <p>Bacteria can make essential elements like nitrogen available to other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell do prokaryotic organisms, such as those in the domain Archaea, lack?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branch of biology is responsible for naming and classifying species into groups?

    <p>Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lists the broadest units of classification in the correct order?

    <p>Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain is characterized by organisms that have a nucleus and store DNA within a membrane?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true regarding prokaryotic organisms?

    <p>They are unicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes archaea?

    <p>They are prokaryotic and found in extreme environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method through which methanogens obtain their energy?

    <p>Using hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of archaea would be likely to thrive in extremely hot environments?

    <p>Thermophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

    <p>Eukaryotes have compartmentalized cell structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organisms primarily live in moist or aquatic habitats?

    <p>Members of Kingdom Protista</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes?

    <p>It allows for genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do halophiles specifically require for their growth?

    <p>Salty environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is divided into four kingdoms within the domain Eukarya?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding non-extreme archaea?

    <p>They grow in similar environments as bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main categories under which the domain Eukarya is divided?

    <p>Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these characteristics is NOT typically associated with extremophiles?

    <p>Growth under standard temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Biology I - 101-NYA-05

    • Section: 00007/8
    • Testing was conducted to see if animals "kiss"

    Biology NYA Lecture 1 - Introduction to Biology

    • Date: August 20th, 2024

    Socrative

    • Go to https://socrative.com/
    • Click "student login"
    • Room Name = GRIFFITHS2554
    • Activity is not for marks, but for brain stimulation about Biology

    Diversity of Life

    • Approximately 2 million species have been identified to date; thousands more are identified annually.
    • Estimates of total species range from 8-9 million.
    • Taxonomy is the branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups based on increasing breadth.
    • Domains, followed by kingdoms, are the broadest units of classification.

    Three Domain Model

    • Living things are categorized into three major groups (domains): Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
    • Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes (lack a nucleus).
    • Eukarya are eukaryotes (have a nucleus).

    Domain Bacteria

    • Most abundant organisms on Earth (more bacteria in your mouth than mammals on the planet).
    • Found virtually everywhere.
    • Some are helpful, some are harmful.
    • Prokaryotic.
    • Unicellular.
    • Cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan.
    • Most taxonomists recognize 12-15 different groups of bacteria.
    • Helpful activities include decomposing organic material, degrading environmental pollutants, digesting cellulose in cows' stomachs. They can also produce vitamin K in human stomachs and make elements like nitrogen accessible to other organisms.
    • Can cause diseases; attach to cells, causing tissue damage, and affect some plant diseases, and many human diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and typhoid fever.

    Domain Archaea

    • Prokaryotic.
    • Unicellular.
    • Not bacteria.
    • Do not cause disease.
    • Cell walls lack peptidoglycan.
    • Grouped into three categories based on their environments or metabolic pathways: extremophiles, methanogens, and non-extreme archaea.
    • Extremophiles thrive in extreme environments (e.g., high temperatures, high salt concentrations, extreme pH). Methanogens produce methane gas. Non-extreme archaea live in environments similar to bacteria.

    Domain Eukarya

    • Very diverse.
    • Three characteristics distinguish them from prokaryotes: compartmentalization, membrane-bound nucleus, and differences in gene expression.
    • Compartmentalization involves discrete compartments within cells.
    • Eukaryotic DNA is stored within a membrane-bound nucleus.
    • Eukaryotes exhibit diverse gene expression.
    • Eukarya deal with environments via specialized approaches.
    • Eukarya's major characteristic is sexual reproduction, which leads to genetic diversity.

    Kingdom Protista

    • Diverse group of eukaryotes, mostly inhabiting moist or aquatic environments.

    • Primarily unicellular, with some that are colonial or multicellular.

    • First eukaryotes that evolved approximately 2.1 billion years ago.

    • Protista classification is in flux (some believe it should have more kingdoms).

    • Types of protists include:

      • Animal-like protists: Phagotrophs, use pseudopods for movement, engulf food in vacuoles, digest food with enzymes
      • Plant-like protists: Phototrophs, are autotrophs
      • Fungus-like protists

    Kingdom Plantae

    • Multicellular eukaryotic organisms, considered autotrophs that produce their food through photosynthesis.
    • Produce their own food and essential chemicals from simple substances present in the environment.
    • Self-sufficient (possess their own cellular walls).
    • Examples include: trees, flowers, and ferns.

    Kingdom Fungi

    • Includes molds and mushrooms.
    • Heterotrophic; obtain energy and essential chemicals from preformed organic matter.
    • Decomposers (break down dead organic matter), or in some cases are parasites (derive nutrients from living hosts.)
    • Some fungi are also mutualistic (beneficial to both partners).

    Kingdom Animalia

    • Consists of all animals.
    • Multicellular eukaryotes.
    • Diverse group with varying similarities among species.
    • Heterotrophic; need to obtain energy and organic building blocks from the intake and digestion of other organisms (plants or other animals).

    Classification of Organisms

    • Taxonomy is the science of classifying living organisms.
    • A classification level is called a taxon.
    • Scientific names avoid the confusion of common names.
    • Organisms are classified based on shared characteristics (e.g., a dichotomous key, which employs simple yes-or-no questions).

    The Binomial System

    • Each organism has a unique binomial name (two-word name).
    • The system uses Latin names, with the first word capitalized and the second in lowercase.
    • Both words are italicized, and the first word is the genus name, while the second is the species' name.

    The Linnaean Hierarchy

    • An organizational scheme, where organisms are arranged into progressively larger inclusive categories, following the order of Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

    Dichotomous Key

    • A tool used to identify organisms based on a series of observable characteristics and questions.
    • Questions present two mutually exclusive options for each stage leading to the identification of organisms.

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    Related Documents

    Biology NYA Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the diversity of life as covered in General Biology I. It focuses on the classification of species, the three-domain model of life, and the significance of taxonomy. Dive into the fascinating world of biology and test your knowledge about the living organisms around us.

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