General Biology 2 - Nutrition Overview

The processes of providing or obtaining food necessary for health, survival, and growth of an organism is called ______ .

Substances that provide for an organism's metabolic processes such as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and even immunity are called ______ .

Organisms that can manufacture their own nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials are called ______ .

Organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy by digesting organic matter are called ______ .

Organisms that directly use the energy from the sun and other inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water to form organic food are called ______ .

Organisms that use chemicals to create simpler organic and inorganic substances important for their survival are called ______ .

Organisms that obtain their nutrients from organic matter are called ______ .

Plants and some forms of bacteria and protists are examples of ______ organisms.

Organisms that take in only plants as a source of their energy are called ______.

A ______ is an organism that obtains food from another organism, known as the host.

The process of gas exchange involves the transfer of different gases in ______ directions across a respiratory surface.

Fungi and bacteria are examples of organisms that secrete digestive juices to their surroundings, which are later absorbed through their ______ surface.

Organisms that ingest solid or liquid food are called ______ organisms.

Organisms that take in both plants and animals are called ______.

______ is a respiratory surface used by unicellular organisms for gas exchange.

The process of gas exchange involves the use of oxygen produced by ______ organisms.

Gases can only cross the cell membrane when they are dissolved in an ______ solution.

Usually present in aquatic organisms, ______ are convoluted outgrowths containing blood vessels covered by a thin layer of epithelial cells.

These are composed of a series of respiratory tubes that carry the gases directly to the cells for gas exchange. Gases enter and exit through the openings at the body surface called ______.

______ are one of the most complex respiratory organs of animals.

______ use their body surface as one of their ways for gas exchange.

An ______ with its external gills

______ have tracheal systems for gas exchange

Gas exchange mainly occurs in the ______.

Carbon _____ is transported in the bloodstream by combining with hemoglobin.

Water is considered the most important fluid in plants for a process called _____ which splits water molecules in light.

The process of water exiting a plant through the leaves is called _____.

The tendency of water to pass through a semipermeable membrane in plants is known as _____.

The _____ action describes the movement of liquid across a solid surface due to adhesion.

In animals, fluids regulation depends on their excretory systems and their _____ concentration.

To maintain _____ in animals, the water intake should equal the water loss.

Marine invertebrates face challenges because seawater has a greater solute _____ than their bodies.

Marine invertebrates have a high concentration of ______ in their blood, which matches the tonicity of water.

The body fluids of marine vertebrates are at a lower concentration than that of ______.

The body of freshwater vertebrates is ______, as compared to their environment.

The kidneys of freshwater vertebrates allow large amounts of ions such as sodium and ______ to go out of their bloodstream.

The ______ system is responsible for removing metabolic wastes and retaining proper amounts of water and salts.

Both plants and animals need to maintain an optimum ______ concentration in their internal environment.

Marine vertebrates must reabsorb ______ for them to remain in a healthy state.

Important ions must be ______ in freshwater vertebrates.

The closing and the opening of the guard cells allow the exchange of gases between the leaves of the plant and the ______.

Stomata open to allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter a leaf and water vapor to ______.

Lenticels provide a pathway for direct exchange of gases between the internal tissue of the plant and the ______.

Xylem is responsible for transporting ______ and nutrients from the roots to different parts of the plant.

Phloem transports ______ and other metabolic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

In animals, blood functions in gas and nutrient transport, while in plants, this function is performed by ______.

Blood is pumped throughout the body by the ______.

Gases are diffused through the air spaces, such as the stomata and the ______.

Water is transported through the xylem, which is analogous to blood plasma in animals, where about 90% of water is ______.

In mammals, oxygen is taken into the bloodstream by combining with a blood protein called ______.