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Questions and Answers
The processes of providing or obtaining food necessary for health, survival, and growth of an organism is called ______ .
The processes of providing or obtaining food necessary for health, survival, and growth of an organism is called ______ .
nutrition
Substances that provide for an organism's metabolic processes such as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and even immunity are called ______ .
Substances that provide for an organism's metabolic processes such as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and even immunity are called ______ .
nutrients
Organisms that can manufacture their own nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials are called ______ .
Organisms that can manufacture their own nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials are called ______ .
autotrophic
Organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy by digesting organic matter are called ______ .
Organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy by digesting organic matter are called ______ .
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Organisms that directly use the energy from the sun and other inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water to form organic food are called ______ .
Organisms that directly use the energy from the sun and other inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water to form organic food are called ______ .
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Organisms that use chemicals to create simpler organic and inorganic substances important for their survival are called ______ .
Organisms that use chemicals to create simpler organic and inorganic substances important for their survival are called ______ .
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Organisms that obtain their nutrients from organic matter are called ______ .
Organisms that obtain their nutrients from organic matter are called ______ .
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Plants and some forms of bacteria and protists are examples of ______ organisms.
Plants and some forms of bacteria and protists are examples of ______ organisms.
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Organisms that take in only plants as a source of their energy are called ______.
Organisms that take in only plants as a source of their energy are called ______.
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A ______ is an organism that obtains food from another organism, known as the host.
A ______ is an organism that obtains food from another organism, known as the host.
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The process of gas exchange involves the transfer of different gases in ______ directions across a respiratory surface.
The process of gas exchange involves the transfer of different gases in ______ directions across a respiratory surface.
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Fungi and bacteria are examples of organisms that secrete digestive juices to their surroundings, which are later absorbed through their ______ surface.
Fungi and bacteria are examples of organisms that secrete digestive juices to their surroundings, which are later absorbed through their ______ surface.
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Organisms that ingest solid or liquid food are called ______ organisms.
Organisms that ingest solid or liquid food are called ______ organisms.
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Organisms that take in both plants and animals are called ______.
Organisms that take in both plants and animals are called ______.
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______ is a respiratory surface used by unicellular organisms for gas exchange.
______ is a respiratory surface used by unicellular organisms for gas exchange.
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The process of gas exchange involves the use of oxygen produced by ______ organisms.
The process of gas exchange involves the use of oxygen produced by ______ organisms.
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Gases can only cross the cell membrane when they are dissolved in an ______ solution.
Gases can only cross the cell membrane when they are dissolved in an ______ solution.
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Usually present in aquatic organisms, ______ are convoluted outgrowths containing blood vessels covered by a thin layer of epithelial cells.
Usually present in aquatic organisms, ______ are convoluted outgrowths containing blood vessels covered by a thin layer of epithelial cells.
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These are composed of a series of respiratory tubes that carry the gases directly to the cells for gas exchange. Gases enter and exit through the openings at the body surface called ______.
These are composed of a series of respiratory tubes that carry the gases directly to the cells for gas exchange. Gases enter and exit through the openings at the body surface called ______.
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______ are one of the most complex respiratory organs of animals.
______ are one of the most complex respiratory organs of animals.
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______ use their body surface as one of their ways for gas exchange.
______ use their body surface as one of their ways for gas exchange.
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An ______ with its external gills
An ______ with its external gills
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______ have tracheal systems for gas exchange
______ have tracheal systems for gas exchange
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Gas exchange mainly occurs in the ______.
Gas exchange mainly occurs in the ______.
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Carbon _____ is transported in the bloodstream by combining with hemoglobin.
Carbon _____ is transported in the bloodstream by combining with hemoglobin.
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Water is considered the most important fluid in plants for a process called _____ which splits water molecules in light.
Water is considered the most important fluid in plants for a process called _____ which splits water molecules in light.
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The process of water exiting a plant through the leaves is called _____.
The process of water exiting a plant through the leaves is called _____.
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The tendency of water to pass through a semipermeable membrane in plants is known as _____.
The tendency of water to pass through a semipermeable membrane in plants is known as _____.
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The _____ action describes the movement of liquid across a solid surface due to adhesion.
The _____ action describes the movement of liquid across a solid surface due to adhesion.
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In animals, fluids regulation depends on their excretory systems and their _____ concentration.
In animals, fluids regulation depends on their excretory systems and their _____ concentration.
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To maintain _____ in animals, the water intake should equal the water loss.
To maintain _____ in animals, the water intake should equal the water loss.
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Marine invertebrates face challenges because seawater has a greater solute _____ than their bodies.
Marine invertebrates face challenges because seawater has a greater solute _____ than their bodies.
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Marine invertebrates have a high concentration of ______ in their blood, which matches the tonicity of water.
Marine invertebrates have a high concentration of ______ in their blood, which matches the tonicity of water.
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The body fluids of marine vertebrates are at a lower concentration than that of ______.
The body fluids of marine vertebrates are at a lower concentration than that of ______.
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The body of freshwater vertebrates is ______, as compared to their environment.
The body of freshwater vertebrates is ______, as compared to their environment.
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The kidneys of freshwater vertebrates allow large amounts of ions such as sodium and ______ to go out of their bloodstream.
The kidneys of freshwater vertebrates allow large amounts of ions such as sodium and ______ to go out of their bloodstream.
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The ______ system is responsible for removing metabolic wastes and retaining proper amounts of water and salts.
The ______ system is responsible for removing metabolic wastes and retaining proper amounts of water and salts.
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Both plants and animals need to maintain an optimum ______ concentration in their internal environment.
Both plants and animals need to maintain an optimum ______ concentration in their internal environment.
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Marine vertebrates must reabsorb ______ for them to remain in a healthy state.
Marine vertebrates must reabsorb ______ for them to remain in a healthy state.
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Important ions must be ______ in freshwater vertebrates.
Important ions must be ______ in freshwater vertebrates.
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The closing and the opening of the guard cells allow the exchange of gases between the leaves of the plant and the ______.
The closing and the opening of the guard cells allow the exchange of gases between the leaves of the plant and the ______.
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Stomata open to allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter a leaf and water vapor to ______.
Stomata open to allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter a leaf and water vapor to ______.
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Lenticels provide a pathway for direct exchange of gases between the internal tissue of the plant and the ______.
Lenticels provide a pathway for direct exchange of gases between the internal tissue of the plant and the ______.
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Xylem is responsible for transporting ______ and nutrients from the roots to different parts of the plant.
Xylem is responsible for transporting ______ and nutrients from the roots to different parts of the plant.
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Phloem transports ______ and other metabolic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Phloem transports ______ and other metabolic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
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In animals, blood functions in gas and nutrient transport, while in plants, this function is performed by ______.
In animals, blood functions in gas and nutrient transport, while in plants, this function is performed by ______.
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Blood is pumped throughout the body by the ______.
Blood is pumped throughout the body by the ______.
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Gases are diffused through the air spaces, such as the stomata and the ______.
Gases are diffused through the air spaces, such as the stomata and the ______.
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Water is transported through the xylem, which is analogous to blood plasma in animals, where about 90% of water is ______.
Water is transported through the xylem, which is analogous to blood plasma in animals, where about 90% of water is ______.
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In mammals, oxygen is taken into the bloodstream by combining with a blood protein called ______.
In mammals, oxygen is taken into the bloodstream by combining with a blood protein called ______.
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Study Notes
General Biology 2 - Lesson Packet
- Learning Objectives: Compare and contrast various biological processes (reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, etc.) in plants and animals.
Nutrition
- Nutrients: Substances providing for organism's metabolic processes (growth, maintenance, reproduction, immunity).
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Two Main Modes of Nutrition:
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Autotrophic: Organisms producing their own nutrients by using inorganic materials.
- Photoautotrophic: Use sunlight and inorganic matter (like CO2 and water) to create organic food (e.g., plants, some bacteria, protists).
- Chemoautotrophic: Use chemical energy from inorganic substances (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, ammonia) to create organic molecules (e.g., some bacteria, archaea).
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Heterotrophic: Organisms obtaining energy by consuming other organisms.
- Saprophytic/Saprotrophic: Obtain nutrients from dead organic matter through secreted digestive enzymes. (e.g., fungi, bacteria).
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Parasitic: Obtain nutrients from a living host.
- Ectoparasites: Live on the outside of the host. (e.g., fleas, lice)
- Endoparasites: Live inside the host. (e.g., worms, some protozoa)
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Holozoic: Ingest solid or liquid food.
- Herbivores: Consume plants.
- Carnivores: Consume animals.
- Omnivores: Consume both plants and animals.
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Autotrophic: Organisms producing their own nutrients by using inorganic materials.
Gas Exchange
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Gas Exchange in Animals:
- Structures: Cell membrane (unicellular organisms), body surface (flatworms, frogs), gills (aquatic animals), tracheal systems (insects), lungs (mammals, birds).
- Process: Diffusion of gases across respiratory surfaces. Moist surfaces are essential for gas exchange.
- Gas Exchange in Plants: Primarily through leaves with stomata (openings regulated by guard cells).
Transport/Circulation
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Transport in Plants:
- Xylem: Transports water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant.
- Phloem: Transports sugars and other products from leaves to other parts.
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Transport in Animals:
- Blood: Transports gases, nutrients, waste products, and regulates temperature/immunity.
- Blood vessels: Transport blood throughout body.
- Heart: Pumps blood through the body.
- Hemolymph: Similar to blood (in invertebrates).
Regulation of Fluids
- Importance: Essential for maintaining homeostasis in organisms.
- Plants: Water regulation involves osmosis, transpiration, and other processes.
- Animals: Fluid regulation relies on the excretory system to remove wastes and maintain proper water and salt balance.
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Description
Dive into the fascinating world of nutrition in organisms with this quiz. Explore the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition and understand how various organisms obtain the nutrients necessary for growth and survival. Test your knowledge on the biochemical processes that sustain life.
