General Biology 2: Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of natural selection?

  • A plant develops larger leaves when grown in a shady environment.
  • A species of bird learns a new song from a neighboring species.
  • A group of fish in a pond all grow to the same size due to limited food resources.
  • A population of butterflies shows a shift in average wing color from light to dark after a volcanic eruption darkens the tree bark. (correct)

    • A remote island ecosystem is home to several unique species of birds found nowhere else in the world. Which conservation strategy would be MOST effective in preserving the biodiversity of this island?

  • Capturing a large number of birds for a captive breeding program in zoos around the world.
  • Allowing limited eco-tourism to generate funds for conservation efforts, even if it means some habitat disturbance.
  • Implementing strict regulations to prevent the introduction of non-native species and protect the birds' natural habitats. (correct)
  • Introducing a new, fast-growing species of plant to provide additional food sources for the birds.

    • Damage to which human organ system would MOST directly interfere with nutrient absorption?

  • The nervous system.
  • The cardiovascular system.
  • The endocrine system.
  • The digestive system. (correct)

    • A new virus emerges that specifically targets and destroys helper T-cells. What is the MOST likely consequence of this infection?

    <p>A decreased ability to activate B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that prevents the proper breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Which dietary change would be MOST beneficial for managing this condition?

    <p>Switching to a diet rich in simple sugars and easily digestible carbohydrates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During aerobic cellular respiration, which of the following products is NOT directly generated during the Krebs cycle?

    <p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, what is the primary role of light-dependent reactions?

    <p>To capture light energy to produce ATP and NADPH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A plant is exposed to two different colors of light: blue and green. Considering chlorophyll's absorption spectrum, how will its photosynthetic rate likely be affected?

    <p>Significantly higher under blue light than green light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mendelian genetics, if a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a homozygous recessive short pea plant (tt), what is the probability of producing short offspring?

    <p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chromosomal mutations is LEAST likely to result in a change in the total amount of genetic material in a cell?

    <p>Inversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A population of rabbits lives in a meadow. A harsh winter leads to a significant decrease in the population size. This is an example of:

    <p>Density-independent regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two species of birds live in the same forest. Species A nests in the canopy, while Species B nests in the understory. This is an example of which ecological principle?

    <p>Resource partitioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a commensalism interaction?

    <p>An orchid growing on a tree branch, benefiting from increased sunlight access, while the tree is unaffected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Evolution

    The process of change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over generations.

    Natural Selection

    Mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.

    Biodiversity

    The variety of life at all levels, including genes, species, and ecosystems.

    Human Anatomy

    The study of the internal and external structure of the human body.

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    Nutrition and Metabolism

    Intake of nutrients and how the body uses them for energy and health.

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    Cellular Respiration

    A metabolic process breaking down glucose to produce ATP, involving glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC.

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    Photosynthesis

    An anabolic process converting light energy into chemical energy in glucose, occurring in chloroplasts.

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    Mendelian Genetics

    Study of trait inheritance patterns based on Gregor Mendel's principles including dominant/recessive alleles.

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    Chromosomal Inheritance

    Exploration of gene organization and inheritance on chromosomes, including chromosomal mutations.

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    Ecosystem

    A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment, involving energy flow and nutrient cycles.

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    Population Ecology

    Study of population size, density, distribution, and dynamics over time, affecting growth rates and competition.

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    Community Ecology

    Study of interactions between different species within an ecosystem, including competition and symbiosis.

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    Light-dependent Reactions

    Part of photosynthesis that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to General Biology 2

    • General Biology 2 builds upon the foundation of General Biology 1.
    • It explores specific biological systems and processes in greater detail.
    • Topics include cell respiration, photosynthesis, genetics, ecology, evolution, biodiversity, and human biology.

    Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

    • Cellular Respiration:
      • A metabolic process breaking down glucose to produce ATP, the cell's primary energy source.
      • Involves glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
      • Functions in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with more ATP produced aerobically (using oxygen).
      • Products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
    • Photosynthesis:
      • An anabolic process converting light energy into chemical energy as glucose.
      • Occurs in chloroplasts' thylakoids in plant cells and some algae.
      • Involves light-dependent and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
      • Products include glucose and oxygen.

    Genetics and Inheritance

    • Mendelian Genetics:
      • Studies trait inheritance patterns based on Gregor Mendel's work.
      • Concepts include dominant/recessive alleles, homozygous/heterozygous genotypes, and phenotypes.
      • Principles of segregation and independent assortment explain inheritance.
    • Chromosomal Inheritance:
      • Investigates gene organization and inheritance on chromosomes.
      • Explains how chromosomal mutations (deletions, inversions, translocations) affect inheritance.
      • Includes sex-linked traits and their inheritance patterns.

    Ecology and Ecosystems

    • Ecosystems:
      • Communities of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
      • Includes energy flow, nutrient cycles, and population dynamics.
    • Population Ecology:
      • Studies population size, density, distribution, and dynamics over time.
      • Investigates factors like birth rates, death rates, migration, carrying capacity, and competition impacting population growth.
    • Community Ecology:
      • Examines interactions between different species in an ecosystem.
      • Includes competition, predation, symbiosis (mutualism, parasitism, commensalism).

    Evolution and Biodiversity

    • Evolution:
      • The process of heritable characteristic changes in biological populations over generations.
      • Driven by natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation.
      • Explains the unity and diversity of life.
    • Biodiversity:
      • The variety of life at all levels (genes to ecosystems).
      • Includes genetic diversity within species, species diversity in communities, and ecosystem diversity across landscapes.
      • Emphasizes conservation efforts for biodiversity protection.

    Human Biology and Health

    • Human Anatomy and Physiology:
      • Studies the human body's structure and function, including organ systems.
    • Human Health and Disease:
      • Investigates how diseases impact human health.
      • Covers immune responses, pathogens, and preventative measures like vaccinations and sanitation.
    • Nutrition and Metabolism:
      • Examines nutrient intake and the body's use of nutrients for proper health maintenance.

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    Description

    Explore cell respiration, the metabolic process breaking down glucose for ATP, covering glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Learn about Photosynthesis, the anabolic conversion of light to chemical energy, including light-dependent and independent reactions. Understand key biological processes.

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