General Biology 1 ATP and Photosynthesis Recap Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the ATP-ADP cycle?

ATP is a waste product that needs to be converted to ADP for cellular function

ATP serves as a structural component in cell membranes

ATP acts as an energy carrier, transferring chemical energy within cells (correct)

ATP is involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA

In the context of photosynthesis, what is the primary role of chlorophyll and other pigments?

Providing structural support to plant cells

Transporting nutrients within the plant

Absorbing light energy for the conversion into chemical energy (correct)

Breaking down glucose to release energy

Which products are generated at the end of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

Glucose and water

Oxygen and ATP (correct)

NADPH and oxygen

ATP and NADPH

What is the main function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

To fix carbon and generate sugars Signup and view all the answers

Which scientists were responsible for the discovery of the Calvin cycle?

Melvin Calvin, James Bassham, and Andrew Benson Signup and view all the answers

What are the alternative names for the Calvin cycle?

Calvin-Bassham-Benson Cycle (CBB Cycle), Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle (RPP Cycle), or C3 Cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle?

Conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule known as G3P produced in the Calvin Cycle?

Three-carbon sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of incorporating CO2 into an organic material called?

Carbon Fixation Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for attaching CO2 to a five-carbon sugar molecule in the Calvin Cycle?

Rubisco Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the resulting six-carbon sugar after Carbon Fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

It immediately splits in half to form two molecules of a 3-phosphoglycerate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of NADPH in the Calvin Cycle?

Reducing 1,3-biphosphogycerate to G3P Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced by the Calvin Cycle?

They are recycled to regenerate ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ADP and NADP+ formed during the Calvin Cycle?

'Recharged' with energy and become ATP and NADPH in the stroma Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Rubisco in the Calvin Cycle?

-Attaching CO2 to a five-carbon sugar molecule named ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of Carbon Fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

Two molecules of a 3-phosphoglycerate (3-carbon) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The ATP-ADP Cycle

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of cells.
The ATP-ADP cycle describes the continuous conversion of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and back again.
ATP releases energy when a phosphate group is removed, converting it to ADP.
This energy is used to power cellular processes.
ADP can then be re-phosphorylated to ATP using energy from various sources, like cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis: Light-Dependent Reactions

Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light energy.
This energy is used to excite electrons in the pigments.
The excited electrons move through an electron transport chain, generating ATP and NADPH.
Water is split, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Photosynthesis: Products of the Light-Dependent Reactions

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a primary energy carrier used in the Calvin Cycle.
NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is a reducing agent used in the Calvin Cycle.
Oxygen is a byproduct released into the atmosphere.

The Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle is the light-independent stage of photosynthesis.
It uses the energy from ATP and the reducing power of NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into sugar.

Discoverers of the Calvin Cycle

Melvin Calvin and his team at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered the Calvin cycle.

Alternative Names for the Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle is also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle or the C3 cycle.

Function of the Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle is the main process by which plants fix carbon dioxide into organic compounds, specifically glucose.

G3P, a Product of the Calvin Cycle

G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) is a three-carbon sugar that is produced in the Calvin Cycle.
It is used to synthesize other sugars and organic molecules.

Carbon Fixation

The process of incorporating CO2 into an organic material is called carbon fixation.

RuBisCo

Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is an enzyme responsible for attaching CO2 to a five-carbon sugar molecule (ribulose bisphosphate) in the Calvin Cycle.

Six-Carbon Sugar: Fate after Carbon Fixation

The resulting six-carbon sugar, an unstable intermediate, quickly breaks down into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

NADPH Role in the Calvin Cycle

NADPH provides electrons to reduce 3-PGA into G3P, which is then used to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules.

G3P Fate: The Calvin Cycle

Most of the G3P molecules produced by the Calvin Cycle are used to regenerate the five-carbon sugar (ribulose bisphosphate) to continue the cycle.
A small portion of G3P is used to create glucose and other organic molecules, for plant growth and energy storage.

ADP and NADP+: Fate after the Calvin Cycle

ADP and NADP+ formed during the Calvin Cycle return to the light-dependent reactions to be re-energized.
This replenishes the energy carriers needed for continued carbon fixation.

Rubisco Function

Rubisco is the most abundant enzyme on Earth and is essential for the Calvin Cycle.
It has a dual role in fixing CO2 and oxygen.
However, its affinity to oxygen can be a limiting factor in plant growth.

Product of Carbon Fixation

The initial product of carbon fixation is an unstable six-carbon sugar that breaks down into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

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Description

Test your knowledge on ATP-ADP cycle, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, light-dependent reactions, and electron flow patterns with this quiz recapping the 2022 lessons. Questions cover chemical reactions, energy transfer, activity sheets, crossword puzzles, and role play scenarios.