General Biology 2nd Quarter Mastery Test

An ATP molecule consists of adenine, a phosphate group, and ribose.

ATP releases energy when a phosphate bond is broken, becoming ADP.

High-energy phosphate bonds are found in ATP.

The electron transport chain produces the most ATP in cellular respiration.

Electron transport chain and photolysis occur in light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, but not carbon fixation.

The electron transport chain produces the most ATP in cellular respiration.

The part of photosynthesis that uses light to make energy-carrying molecules ATP and NADPH.

ATP is a molecule that has high energy phosphate bonds.

ATP provides readily usable energy for various human processes.

ATP powers active transport, cell division, and muscle contraction.

ATP releases energy by removing a phosphate group.

ATP stores energy by adding a phosphate group.

Photosystem II absorbing light starts photosynthesis.

Photosystem II absorbs light to begin photosynthesis.

The question asks for a wrong statement about photosynthesis. The answer choices are needed to identify the incorrect statement.

Light absorption is essential for the start of photosynthesis.

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that use light energy to move electrons, ultimately creating ATP and NADPH.

The electron transport chain in photosynthesis produces ATP and NADPH, both of which are essential for the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.

In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the final electron acceptor is NADP+ reductase, an enzyme that reduces NADP+ to NADPH.

The Calvin cycle, the light-independent stage of photosynthesis, requires 18 ATP and 12 NADPH molecules to fix six molecules of carbon dioxide into glucose and regenerate 6 RuBP.

The Calvin cycle involves a series of steps: 1. Carbon dioxide fixation: CO2 is added to RuBP. 2. Reduction: NADPH provides electrons to reduce 3-PGA. 3. Regeneration: RuBP is regenerated using ATP.

The Calvin cycle produces glucose, a six-carbon sugar, using energy stored in ATP and NADPH.

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the splitting of water molecules releases oxygen as a byproduct.

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis capture light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use these energy molecules to make sugar.

Three glucose molecules go through glycolysis, producing six pyruvate molecules. Each pyruvate produces one acetyl-CoA, entering the Kreb's cycle once. So, six pyruvate lead to six turns of the Kreb's cycle.

The electron transport chain pumps protons across the membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This process generates heat, leading to sweating, especially during exertion.

The electron transport chain generates approximately 32 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. This is the highest ATP yield in cellular respiration.

Two pyruvate molecules provide the same net ATP as one glucose molecule (36 ATP). This is because pyruvate bypasses glycolysis, which produces 2 ATP.

One molecule of glucose yields two pyruvate molecules during glycolysis.

A single glucose molecule yields 38 ATP molecules through complete aerobic cellular respiration.

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, producing the most ATP from glucose.

Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces fewer ATP molecules per glucose molecule. It uses electron acceptors other than oxygen.

The molecule that accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, reducing itself and producing water (H2O).

The Kreb's cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) produces 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2 molecules for each pyruvate molecule oxidized.

The correct order of compounds during the Kreb's cycle is: citrate, isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate.

The electron transport chain in cellular respiration utilizes the energy from electron movement to pump protons across a membrane, creating a concentration gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.

Pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, is oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the link reaction, producing NADH and releasing carbon dioxide.

The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration yields roughly 38 ATP molecules, with the electron transport chain contributing the majority of the ATP.

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Cellular respiration consists of four main stages: glycolysis, link reaction (or pyruvate oxidation), Kreb's cycle, and electron transport chain.

These are processes that require ATP to occur, meaning they use energy from the breakdown of ATP molecules.

This is the first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. It requires energy from ATP.

This is a key step in the Calvin cycle, where the molecule RuBP is regenerated from other molecules. It requires ATP.

This is a step in the Krebs cycle where the molecule malate is converted into oxaloacetate. This process uses energy from ATP.

Yeast, a type of fungus, performs anaerobic respiration to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol, which causes dough to rise.

Bacteria in yogurt use anaerobic respiration to produce lactic acid, which gives yogurt its sour taste and thick texture.

Yeast converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide during the anaerobic respiration process, which gives beer its alcoholic content and its carbonation.