Senior High School General Biology Quarter 2 Module 1 ATP-ADP Cycle

ATP and Energy Metabolism

• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular processes.
• ATP is composed of adenine, a five-carbon sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups.

ATP-ADP Cycle and Energy Transfer

• ATP plays a crucial role in linking exergonic (energy-releasing) and endergonic (energy-requiring) reactions, allowing energy to be transferred between them.
• During exergonic reactions, ATP is generated, and during endergonic reactions, ATP is broken down to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate).

ADP and Energy Metabolism

• ADP is the primary recipient of energy from the breakdown of ATP, allowing it to be recycled back into ATP.
• The primary role of ADP is to accept energy from the breakdown of ATP, which can then be used to drive endergonic reactions.

Cellular Respiration and Energy Production

• The primary source of energy used by living organisms is the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients through cellular respiration.
• Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to turn fuel into chemical energy, producing ATP as a byproduct.

Types of Respiration and Energy Production

• Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that can break down sugars to generate energy in the absence of oxygen.
• The energy required for endergonic reactions is called activation energy.

ATP Synthesis and Phosphorylation

• The process of combining ADP with a phosphate molecule to make ATP is called phosphorylation.
• The energy released from breaking a molecular bond in ATP comes from the energy stored in the phosphate bonds.
• ATP provides the premier energy molecule in living cells, powering various cellular processes.