General Adaptation Syndrome and Stress Response
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus during the alarm phase of stress response?

  • To activate the fight-or-flight response (correct)
  • To restore body equilibrium
  • To increase insulin sensitivity
  • To reduce inflammatory responses

    • What characterizes the exhaustion phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

  • Temporary increase in energy levels
  • Prolonged stress leading to negative health outcomes (correct)
  • Rapid resolution of immune dysfunction
  • Immediate recovery from stress

    • How does chronic activation of the HPAA impact cortisol levels?

  • It maintains stable cortisol levels
  • It enhances cortisol feedback mechanisms
  • It leads to decreased cortisol production
  • It disrupts cortisol feedback and leads to inflammation (correct)

    • What is a significant consequence of high cortisol levels in the body?

    <p>Increased visceral fat accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by prolonged fatigue and muscle pain due to mitochondrial dysfunction?

    <p>Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction?

    <p>Nutrient deficiencies and oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological problem is associated with chronic stress and inflammation?

    <p>Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the General Adaptation Syndrome primarily aim to describe?

    <p>The stages of stress response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is particularly important for immune response enhancement through T-cell activity and natural killer cells?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prime function of Phosphatidylserine in stress management?

    <p>Normalizes the stress response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is crucial for the synthesis of GABA, and its deficiency can exacerbate stress and anxiety symptoms?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Vitamin B Complex play in the body in relation to stress?

    <p>Supports energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of L-theanine?

    <p>Exacerbates anxiety symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issues can be driven by inflammation linked to chronic stress?

    <p>Cardiovascular disorders and mood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stress impact gut-brain communication?

    <p>It increases gut permeability and may lead to digestive disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from cortisol dysregulation?

    <p>Insulin resistance and immune suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do adaptogens like rhodiola and ashwagandha play in stress management?

    <p>They enhance the body's adaptability to stress and improve resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sleep quality related to chronic stress management?

    <p>Good sleep quality can help regulate hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common symptoms of chronic stress?

    <p>Fatigue, irritability, and digestive issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the potassium-to-sodium ratio affect stress levels?

    <p>A higher ratio helps reduce blood pressure and lower physiological impact of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet for stress management?

    <p>It helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of magnesium in managing stress and anxiety?

    <p>It supports muscle relaxation and reduces cortisol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can physical exercise contribute to stress relief?

    <p>It helps regulate hormones and improve mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antioxidants is known to protect mitochondria and improve energy production?

    <p>Coenzyme Q10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle factor is least likely to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mitochondrial dysfunction primarily affect energy levels?

    <p>Reduces ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of aging on mitochondria?

    <p>Higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency is most directly linked to impaired ATP production?

    <p>B vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic inflammation impact mitochondrial function?

    <p>Increases ROS production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does acetyl L-carnitine play in mitochondrial function?

    <p>Facilitates fatty acid transport into mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these strategies is NOT a non-nutritional approach to improve mitochondrial health?

    <p>Taking vitamin supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of nutrient deficiencies on mitochondrial function?

    <p>Impaired ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can exacerbate mitochondrial oxidative damage?

    <p>Low nutrient intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cellular cause of fatigue?

    <p>Mitochondrial dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?

    <p>By impairing energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Krebs cycle in the body?

    <p>Generating ATP through nutrient oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does oxidative stress impact mitochondrial health?

    <p>It damages mitochondrial components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome?

    <p>Post-exertional malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a ketogenic diet influence mitochondrial function?

    <p>It shifts fuel from glucose to ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is NOT essential for ATP production?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does mitochondrial health have on immune system function?

    <p>It reduces energy-dependent immune processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does magnesium assist in managing fatigue symptoms?

    <p>It aids ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can antioxidant supplementation benefit mitochondrial health?

    <p>By reducing reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

    • Introduced by Hans Selye, GAS describes the body's three-stage response to stress:
      • Alarm Phase: Fight-or-flight response, activated by hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, adrenal medulla.
      • Resistance Phase: Body attempts to restore balance after stressor is removed.
      • Exhaustion Phase: Prolonged stress without recovery leads to health issues like chronic inflammation, immune suppression, cortisol dysfunction.

    HPAA Axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis)

    • Chronic HPAA activation disrupts cortisol feedback, leading to inflammation and conditions like cardiovascular disease and depression.
    • High cortisol levels impair insulin sensitivity, increase visceral fat, disrupt reproductive and immune functions.

    Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

    • Chronic stress increases inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, contributing to damage and diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia.

    Mitochondrial Dysfunction & Fatigue

    • Mitochondria generate ATP (energy), dysfunction leads to fatigue, impaired organ function, and increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
    • Nutrient deficiencies, toxins, and oxidative stress compromise mitochondrial function.

    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)

    • Characterized by prolonged fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive impairment due to impaired energy delivery, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.

    Key Supplements and Nutrients for Stress Management

    • Vitamin C: Strong antioxidant, especially for CNS; reduces stress-induced free radical damage and cortisol levels, enhances immune response.
    • Vitamin B5: Essential for adrenal cortex function, aids in production of adrenal hormones.
    • Vitamin B6: Modulates neurotransmitters like GABA and serotonin, improving mood and reducing stress.
    • Vitamin B Complex: Supports nervous system and energy production through the Krebs cycle.
    • Magnesium: Attenuates HPAA activity, reducing cortisol; crucial for GABA synthesis, muscle relaxation, and serotonin-melatonin pathway.
    • Phosphatidylserine: Normalizes stress response by buffering the HPAA, reducing cortisol and enhancing mood & sleep.
    • L-theanine: Found in green tea; increases GABA, dopamine, and serotonin, promoting relaxation without drowsiness.
    • Adaptogens like Rhodiola and Ashwagandha: Help modulate stress response, enhancing adaptation, reducing fatigue, and improving mood and resilience.

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    Related Documents

    Module 9 Stress and Fatigue PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and the HPAA axis, detailing the body's three-stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Additionally, it explores the impact of chronic stress on inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to various health issues. Test your understanding of these critical concepts in stress physiology.

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