Gene Families and Protein Structures

Apoptosis

The challenge is that homologous sequences can become undetectable by sequence search methods due to sequence divergence.

The open reading frame refers to a stretch of DNA that can be translated into a protein and does not contain any stop codons.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'death domain' is involved in apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domains are built from different combinations of secondary structural elements and motifs, which are then folded to form the active form of the protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main classes of protein structures are alpha-domain structure, alpha/beta domain structure, and beta-domain structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequence Retrieval (A), Validation (B), Gene Family Database Search (C), Functional Annotation (D), Literature Review (E), Phylogenetic Analysis (F), Conserved Domain Analysis (G), Documentation (H), Sequence Alignment (I), Further Analysis (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of a gene of interest can be obtained through databases like GenBank, Ensembl, or UniProt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of aligning the gene sequences is to analyze the evolutionary relationships between the gene of interest and other genes within the family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Additional analyses such as protein structure prediction, expression pattern analysis, and functional studies can be performed to further characterize the gene within the gene family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complete circular gene map of the E. coli K12 genome is shown in Figure 36.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suggested benefit is that it enables the genome to be replicated relatively quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stop codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides that signals the termination of protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first operon to be discovered is the lactose operon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three genes found in the lactose operon are LacZ, LacY, and LacA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LacY encodes for the lactose permease, which transports lactose into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LacZ and LacA encode for enzymes that split lactose into its component sugars, galactose and glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tool that can be used to find an ORF is <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

A distinct set of genes that share similar sequence, structure, and function.

Genes that are found in different species but share a common ancestor.

Genes within the same species that have evolved from a common ancestral gene.

A gene that has no known homologous sequences in other organisms.

These can be identified by examining protein amino acid sequences because they are consistently recognizable.

A portion of a DNA sequence that does not contain a stop codon and can potentially code for a protein.

A group of genes that are located next to each other in the genome and transcribed together as a single unit.

A type of operon in E. coli that is responsible for the utilization of lactose as an energy source.

A method of aligning two or more sequences to identify regions of similarity and differences.

This is done to understand the evolutionary relationships between genes.

These are tools used for identifying conserved domains within a protein.

This is a database used for classifying genes into families based on domain structure.

This is a database that provides information about the functions of genes and proteins.

A way to classify genes based on the function of the proteins they encode.

A diagram that shows the order of genes on a chromosome.

A codon that stops the translation of a protein.

A region of DNA that can be transcribed into RNA and potentially translated into a protein.

A set of multiple reading frames for a given DNA sequence.

The process of converting DNA into RNA.

The process of converting RNA into protein.

A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

The study of the complete set of genes in an organism.

The circular arrangement of genes in prokaryotic chromosomes.

The process of identifying and studying genes within a genome.

The process of copying a gene from a DNA template to create RNA.

A technique for determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

The study of the function and regulation of genes.

The study of how genetic variation affects an organism's traits.

The study of the structure and function of molecules.