Gene Expression: Transcription and Translation
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Questions and Answers

What process is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from DNA?

  • Replication
  • Translation
  • Recombination
  • Transcription (correct)

    • In eukaryotic cells, what occurs after the transcription of RNA?

  • Translation (correct)
  • Meiosis
  • Mitosis
  • DNA replication

    • What can affect protein structure and function by altering a few nucleotides?

  • Mutations (correct)
  • Gene editing
  • Epigenetics
  • Chromosomal rearrangement

    • What determines inherited traits according to Chapter 14?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process causes albinism due to a recessive allele of a pigmentation gene?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point illustrated by the example of the albino deer in the text?

    <p>The synthesis of proteins dictates the traits of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to British physician Archibald Garrod, how do genes dictate phenotypes?

    <p>Through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Archibald Garrod refer to as 'inborn errors of metabolism'?

    <p>Symptoms of an inherited disease reflecting a person’s inability to make a particular enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Archibald Garrod's realization signify?

    <p>Recognition that Mendel’s principles of heredity apply to humans as well as peas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Archibald Garrod refer to as 'inborn errors of metabolism'?

    <p>Mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from DNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines inherited traits according to Chapter 14?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect protein structure and function by altering a few nucleotides?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did British physician Archibald Garrod first postulate about genes and phenotypes?

    <p>That genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point illustrated by the example of the albino deer in the text?

    <p>Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for the synthesis of proteins from genes?

    <p>Transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Archibald Garrod refer to as 'inborn errors of metabolism'?

    <p>Hereditary conditions reflecting a person’s inability to make a particular enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gene expression impact the synthesis of proteins in cells?

    <p>By directing the synthesis of proteins via transcription and translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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