Eukaryotic Gene Transcription and Translation
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Questions and Answers

In what cellular location does translation occur?

  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoplasm (correct)

    • Which strand of DNA is referred to as the sense strand?

  • The strand that is identical to the RNA transcript (correct)
  • The strand that carries the promoter region
  • The strand that contains introns
  • The template strand used for RNA synthesis

    • What are the required machinery components for translation?

  • Ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA (correct)
  • Helicase and primase
  • DNA polymerase and ribosomal proteins
  • RNA polymerase and transcription factors

    • What is the primary function of the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) in eukaryotic transcription?

    <p>To denature the DNA and position it for transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein complex binds to the TATA box in the formation of the PIC?

    <p>TFIID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does TFIIA play in the Pre-Initiation Complex?

    <p>It stabilizes the PIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about TFIIH is correct?

    <p>It contains kinase activity for phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during transcription initiation in eukaryotes?

    <p>A phosphodiester bond forms between the first two RNA nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for the unwinding of DNA at the promoter start site?

    <p>TFIIH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The RNA Pol II:TFIIF complex plays what role in transcription?

    <p>It is involved in the elongation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of the Pre-Initiation Complex?

    <p>RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the transcription bubble created during transcription?

    <p>To allow RNA polymerase to access the DNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nucleotides per second can RNA Pol II incorporate into a growing RNA molecule during elongation?

    <p>20-50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the unwound section of DNA referred to as the transcription bubble?

    <p>13 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the 3' OH of the previous nucleotide during mRNA synthesis?

    <p>It binds to the 5’ α-phosphate of the incoming nucleoside triphosphate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released when pyrophosphate (PPi) is hydrolyzed during RNA synthesis?

    <p>2 inorganic phosphates (Pi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the DNA-RNA hybrid formed during elongation?

    <p>It stabilizes the elongation complex with around 8-9 base pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in eukaryotic transcription?

    <p>To incorporate nucleotides into a strand of RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of RNA polymerases are present in eukaryotes?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand of DNA is used as a template for RNA synthesis?

    <p>3’-to-5’ strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do general transcription factors play in eukaryotic transcription?

    <p>They assemble at the core promoter to initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of TFIID?

    <p>Transcription elongation factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the DNA template strand that RNA polymerase reads during transcription?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RNA polymerase II specifically associate with at the promoter site?

    <p>General transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction is RNA synthesized during transcription?

    <p>5’-to-3’ direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA polymerase is specifically responsible for synthesizing rRNA in eukaryotes?

    <p>RNA polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does TFIIB play in the transcription process?

    <p>Triggers the uncoupling of RNA Polymerase from the PIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factor is responsible for phosphorylating Serine-5 of the CTD?

    <p>TFIIH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Serine-5 phosphorylation on the CTD of RNA Polymerase II?

    <p>Triggers uncoupling from the PIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II?

    <p>A sequence of 7 amino acid repeating domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do transcription factors such as TFIIB, TFIIE, and TFIIH interact with RNA Polymerase during transcription?

    <p>They are released during elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TFIID in the transcription initiation complex?

    <p>Binds to the TATA box to initiate PIC formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the repeating domain in the CTD of RNA Polymerase II?

    <p>Consists of polar, uncharged amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of TFIIH phosphorylating Serine-5 on the CTD during transcription?

    <p>It promotes elongation and 5' capping of mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding RNA Polymerase's action along the DNA template?

    <p>It involves the removal of transcription factors from the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eukaryotic Gene Transcription and Translation

    • Eukaryotic gene transcription and translation differ from prokaryotic systems.
    • The slides describe the process comprehensively.
    • Gene expression involves transcription and translation.
    • Transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm.

    Molecular Mechanisms of Disease

    • Diagrams illustrate the inner structures of eukaryotic cells.
    • Different cell organelles are labelled.
    • The location of DNA and RNA in the cell is specified.
    • The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

    Protein Synthesis (Central Dogma)

    • The central dogma outlines DNA -> RNA -> Protein.
    • DNA is transcribed into RNA.
    • RNA is translated into protein.
    • The process is explained in detail.
    • A complex illustration of transcription and translation is shown.

    Eukaryotic Transcription

    • Eukaryotic transcription is a complex process involving multiple factors.
    • The process occurs in a series of steps that are described.
    • RNA polymerase is necessary for transcription initiation.
    • Different types of RNA polymerase are discussed.

    Transcription Factors

    • General transcription factors (GTFs) are crucial for transcription initiation.
    • They assemble at the promoter region of the gene.
    • Specific transcription factors can affect gene expression.
    • A variety of transcription factors are involved in the process.

    Gene Promoter

    • The promoter region is crucial for transcription.
    • Specific sequences regulate transcription.
    • Different elements including core and proximal promoter elements are examined.
    • Enhancer regions, distal or proximal, can affect transcriptional activity.

    Core Promoter

    • The core promoter region contains crucial elements.
    • Important sequences like TATA box, initiator (INR), BRE, and DPE, are explained.
    • The location of these sequences are described relative to the transcription start site (TSS).
    • These sequences are essential for transcription initiation.

    Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC)

    • The pre-initiation complex (PIC) is a large protein complex.
    • It plays a role in starting eukaryotic transcription.
    • Transcription factors are part of the complex.
    • Components of the complex are described and their roles.

    Eukaryotic Transcription Elongation

    • Involves RNA polymerase II.
    • The process continues as the RNA strand grows.
    • Different factors play a role in stabilizing the elongation complex.
    • Specific examples of these factors are described.

    Eukaryotic Transcription Termination

    • Transcription termination differs in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
    • Specific termination sequences in eukaryotic RNA are discussed.
    • A key event is polyadenylation.
    • This detailed discussion examines the process from beginning to end.

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    HSS2305A 2024 Lecture 8 PDF

    Description

    Explore the complexities of eukaryotic gene transcription and translation in this quiz. Understand how these processes differ from prokaryotic systems and the significance of gene expression. Learn about the central dogma of molecular biology and the role of various cellular components.

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