Gender Comparisons in Social and Personality Traits

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Questions and Answers

What factor contributes to the scarcity of women in certain occupations?

Women lack the desire to work in high-skills jobs

Lower educational attainment among women

Men are more willing to work longer hours

Organizational barriers exist within the workplace (correct)

What percentage of domestic workers globally are women?

67%

50%

80% (correct)

90%

Which of the following is a common experience for women in high prestige professions?

Greater cognitive skills than men

More mentoring opportunities than men

Less mentoring and patronising behavior (correct)

Higher self-confidence compared to men

What role does shared child care between fathers and mothers have on children?

Enhances children's cognitive skills and health Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior systems are involved in adult romantic love?

Attachment, caregiving, and sexual attraction Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of maternal deaths occur in lower income countries?

94% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with a higher risk of complications or death in childbirth?

High socioeconomic status Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about motherhood as indicated by stereotypes?

Mothers should feel joyful and fulfilled at all times. Signup and view all the answers

What emotional condition develops within six months after childbirth and is more serious than baby blues?

Postpartum depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason women cite for not wanting to have children?

Lifestyle change Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly increased the likelihood of divorce for women after a job promotion?

A promotion to a high-level job Signup and view all the answers

What were common contributing factors to the sharp increase in divorce rates from the late 1960s to the late 1980s?

Greater economic independence for women Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Horsemen of Divorce?

Obstruction Signup and view all the answers

In Canada, what percentage of divorced women live in poverty?

⅔ Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding lesbian relationships compared to heterosexual relationships?

They are generally more egalitarian. Signup and view all the answers

What is Singlism?

A form of prejudice against single people Signup and view all the answers

How does the psychological impact of divorce compare for men and women?

Women are more often negatively impacted financially. Signup and view all the answers

Which gender gap trend is observed after women are promoted to higher-level jobs?

Increased divorce rates among gender traditional couples Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fluid female sexual orientation?

It can be influenced by socio-cultural factors. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of single people aged 18-34 have never been married?

73% Signup and view all the answers

What theory emphasizes the role of cultural constructs in sexual identity?

Social Constructionist approach Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason divorces have declined since the early 1990s?

Rise in common-law unions among younger individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of bisexual women in comparison to other sexual minority groups?

They experience more discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically higher among men compared to women in terms of sexual behavior?

Interest in sex without commitment Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that may influence a woman's use of birth control?

Social class Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has been shown to lead to lower rates of teenage pregnancy?

Comprehensive sex education programs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological reaction women may experience after an induced abortion?

Improvement in mood state Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the sexual response cycle immediately follows the orgasmic phase?

Resolution phase Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly held belief that differs for men and women regarding sexual behavior?

Men should be more sexually aggressive Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential risk associated with prolonged exposure to sexualized media among adolescents?

Increased rates of sexual objectification Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly reported regret among females regarding hookups?

Feeling unfulfilled emotionally Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication tends to lead to higher relationship satisfaction?

Open communication about sexuality Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to sexual disorders in women?

Psychological trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly observed trend in sexual frequency as couples age?

Decreased sexual frequency in later life Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do women generally place greater emphasis on when selecting a marriage partner compared to sexual partners?

Personality traits Signup and view all the answers

What type of attitudes towards sexuality varies significantly across cultures?

Beliefs regarding sexual morality Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is noted to potentially contribute to higher divorce rates in nations that emphasize love for marriage?

Higher societal expectations for romance Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by lack of orgasm and dissatisfaction during sexual activity?

Female orgasmic disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is often a misconception regarding women's participation in sex?

Women enjoy sexual activity less than men Signup and view all the answers

When considering mate selection preferences, what trait do women tend to prioritize more than men?

Financial resources Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do both genders generally value equally in a long-term relationship?

Caring and trust Signup and view all the answers

What pattern is commonly observed regarding marital satisfaction over time?

Decreases with the presence of children Signup and view all the answers

What is the social constructionist approach to gender?

Gender is constructed by society and influenced by social consensus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor identified in the (DAAIC) reasons for divorce?

Infidelity issues Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the large gender differences observed in specific social settings?

The social context being more gender salient. Signup and view all the answers

In which marriage type do men typically hold more power?

Traditional marriages Signup and view all the answers

How do women generally differ from men in terms of decoding nonverbal messages?

Women are more likely to accurately decode nonverbal messages. Signup and view all the answers

How does a partner’s dependence in a relationship affect their power dynamic?

Decreases their power over decisions Signup and view all the answers

In moral judgment scenarios, how do men and women typically differ?

Women commonly consider the well-being of all involved. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mate selection, what unique preference do men often express?

Focus on physical appearance Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the gender differences in aggression levels?

Men typically show higher levels of physical aggression. Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural trend is associated with the greatest equality in mate preferences?

Gender equitable societies Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main biases women face in leadership roles?

Men are often viewed as better suited for leadership positions. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to moral judgment is predominantly taken by men?

Detachment from emotional contexts during evaluations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a barrier women face in the workforce?

Access discrimination based on gender stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

How does the glass ceiling impact women's career advancement?

It prevents women from reaching top management levels. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typically associated with men in the workplace?

Increased likelihood of assertive communication. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of personality traits, which trait do women typically score higher on?

Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about women's employment circumstances is true?

Cultural restrictions often limit women's workforce participation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sticky floor' refer to in gender dynamics?

Keeping women confined in lower-ranking roles. Signup and view all the answers

How does informal social interaction affect men in the workplace?

Men may be excluded from informal networks and mentorship. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Knowledge is a socially constructed product, its truth dependent on community consensus, not universal definition.
Gender is socially constructed.
Women are perceived as gentle, submissive, and kind, while men are independent and aggressive.
Social settings heavily influence gendered behaviour.
Differences in communication styles exist, with men more likely to interrupt, both intrusively and affiliatively. Women often engage in affiliative interruptions.
Language content is largely similar for men and women. However, women tend to gaze more at conversation partners.
Facial expressions are frequently interpreted differently depending on gender expectations.
Women and men are more likely to express stereotypical emotions, respectively.
Women are generally more skilled at nonverbal decoding.

Communication Patterns

Men and women display differing degrees of talkativeness, though this is a widely disputed stereotype.
Men are more likely to use intrusive interruptions.
Women are more likely to use affiliative interruptions.
The relative status of the individuals influences communication interactions.
Conversation content is largely similar between genders but eye contact and smiling patterns present noticeable variances.

The audience plays a significant role in shaping behaviour.
Gender-related behaviours vary depending on the setting (academics vs. singles bar).
Specific social skills are often required to navigate social interactions appropriately.

Moral Judgment

The Heinz dilemma highlights the mature moral reasoning level, and one where ethical principles are adopted to consider the interest of all parties.
Men are more likely to take a third-party view perspective, while women tend towards interpersonal and emotionally engagement.

Women and Work

Employed women contribute substantially to GDP through unpaid work.
Women are underrepresented in certain sectors.
Women with young children encounter employment challenges.
Cultural restrictions and unpaid caregiving frequently contribute to gendered employment differences.
Structural barriers (education, training, and hiring practices) affect women's employment opportunities.

Gender Differences in Personality

Men have higher levels of traits like Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism.
Women score higher on measures of agreeableness and neuroticism.
However, these differences vary across cultures and are still subjects of ongoing research.

Gender Differences in Interests

Significant gender differences exist in many interests and activities.
These differences appear to be consistent across cultures and time.

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Description

This quiz examines the social and personality characteristics attributed to different genders. It focuses on perceptions, communication styles, and behavior differences shaped by societal constructs. Dive into how gender influences interaction and emotional expression in social settings.