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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'real self' refer to?
What does the term 'real self' refer to?
Who we truly are
What is the primary function of a therapist in Carl Rogers' theory?
What is the primary function of a therapist in Carl Rogers' theory?
To create a judgment-free environment for self-exploration and growth
Carl Rogers believed true happiness comes from accepting oneself and living authentically.
Carl Rogers believed true happiness comes from accepting oneself and living authentically.
True
Which self refers to the focus on the needs and desires of the individual over the group?
Which self refers to the focus on the needs and desires of the individual over the group?
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What is body image?
What is body image?
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The Diderot Effect describes a situation where acquiring a new possession leads to a desire to purchase additional related ______.
The Diderot Effect describes a situation where acquiring a new possession leads to a desire to purchase additional related ______.
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What does the 'Material Self' represent?
What does the 'Material Self' represent?
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What are the Psychosexual Stages of Development proposed by Sigmund Freud?
What are the Psychosexual Stages of Development proposed by Sigmund Freud?
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The latency stage of development allows children to explore their sexual interests.
The latency stage of development allows children to explore their sexual interests.
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Which stage in Freud's theory is characterized by the focus on erogenous zones?
Which stage in Freud's theory is characterized by the focus on erogenous zones?
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Study Notes
The Cognitive Construction of Self
- Real Self: Represents an individual's true nature and identity.
- Ideal Self: The aspirational version of oneself, often influenced by societal standards.
- Self-Actualization: The process of realizing one's full potential through authentic living.
- Carl Rogers' Theory: Emphasizes the importance of a judgment-free environment for self-exploration. Acceptance and empathy foster personal growth.
- Congruence and Balance: Achieving alignment between real self and ideal self is crucial for personal fulfillment.
Individualistic versus Collectivist Self
- Individualistic Self: Prioritizes personal needs, desires, and independence typical of Western cultures, such as those in Europe and North America.
- Collectivist Self: Focuses on group welfare over individual desires, common in Eastern cultures, prioritizing family and community harmony.
The Physical Self: The Impact of Culture on Body Image
- Body Image: Refers to one's perception of their own physical appearance.
- Physical Self: Encompasses unique physical attributes including body shape and features.
- Influence of Genetics: Determines biological traits like hair color, eye color, and height.
- Cultural Norms: Standards of beauty shaped by historical events often affect body image and self-perception.
The Economic and Material Self: Living in a Material World
- Material Self: Extends the physical self; possessions symbolize identity and personality.
- Diderot Effect: New acquisitions prompt desires for additional related items, leading to a cycle of consumption.
- Needs vs. Wants: Needs are essential for survival, whereas wants cater to comfort, pleasure, and social status.
- Responsible Consumerism: Involves distinguishing between needs and wants and budgeting wisely.
The Spiritual Self: The Inner Soul
- Spiritual Self: Represents the inner essence or soul, transcending the physical body.
- Spirituality's Influence: Guides behavior towards core values and compassion.
- Hinduism: Views Atman (soul) as eternal and identical to Brahman (universal spirit).
- Buddhism: Teaches Anatta (non-self) indicating that self is an illusion formed by changing elements.
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Soul Concepts:
- Kararwa: Main soul, departs only after death.
- Karkarma: Second soul, may leave in fear; failure to return risks insanity.
- Aniwaas: Third soul, travels during sleep; loss upon waking can lead to insanity.
- Ar-aria: Fourth soul, liberated after death; visits the living.
The Sexual Self: Development of the Secondary Sex
- Sexual Self: Involves understanding sexual growth and development.
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Freud's Psychosexual Stages:
- Stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.
- Erogenous Zones: Areas that, when stimulated, create sexual arousal.
- Critique of Freud: The theory overlooks cultural and societal influences on sexuality.
- Latency Stage: A period of reduced sexuality allowing children to focus on social development.
- Puberty for Girls: Typically occurs between ages 8-12.
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Description
Prepare for your second periodical examination with this comprehensive review on Module 6: The Cognitive Construction of Self. Explore concepts such as the real self, ideal self, and self-actualization, as well as key theories from Carl Rogers on personal growth in an empathetic environment.
