Psychology: Real vs Ideal Self

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome when there is a significant incongruence between the ideal self and the real self?

Improved self-image

Developed self-hatred (correct)

Increased self-actualization

Greater self-confidence

According to Carl Rogers, which component of self-concept relates to the value assigned to oneself?

Self-esteem (correct)

Self-image

Actual self

Ideal self

What denotes a state of congruence in the context of self-concept?

Feeling ashamed of one's true self

A lack of self-awareness

Alignment between the ideal self and actual self (correct)

A large gap between the ideal and real self

What is one consequence of a significant gap between the ideal self and the real self, according to the theories discussed?

Development of feelings of defensiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which term is synonymous with the 'real self' as described in Horney's theory?

Actual self Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Oral Phase in Freud's Psychosexual Development?

Pleasure derived from the mouth Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what could result from improper toilet training during the Anal Phase?

Extreme orderliness or messiness Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do children develop incestuous feelings towards their opposite sex parent according to Freud?

Phallic Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome if the earlier stages of Psychosexual Development are successfully navigated?

Mature sexuality Signup and view all the answers

What is Erik Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development?

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals encounter at each of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

New needs and questions Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sexual feelings during the Latent Phase according to Freud?

They become dormant Signup and view all the answers

What potential behavior may emerge from unmet oral needs in childhood according to Freud?

Overeating or smoking Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the unconscious mind?

It contains deeply buried memories and unacceptable thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the mind is involved in the pleasure principle?

The Id Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Superego play in human behavior?

It follows morality principles and can conflict with the Id. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the interaction of the three provinces of the mind?

Their interaction dictates human behavior. Signup and view all the answers

According to William James, what does the 'Me-Self' represent?

The self as an object of experience. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Ego in the mind's structure?

To mediate between the Id, Superego, and reality. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the concept of the collective unconscious according to Carl Jung?

It contains universally shared memories and ideas inherited from ancestors. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the nature of the subconscious mind?

It holds thoughts that can be recalled with effort. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of the Me-self?

It includes tangible objects that one considers as 'mine'. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect characterizes the I-self according to James’ categorization?

The extended self that defines body and possessions. Signup and view all the answers

In which category would you place the idea of being 'I am a Filipino'?

Collective Self Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately represents the difference between Me-self and I-self?

The Me-self can be seen as the object of self, whereas the I-self identifies the individual. Signup and view all the answers

What does the social self aspect of the Me-self encompass?

Personal relationships and recognition from others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons in the brain?

To receive signals and send them to different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the 'fight or flight' response?

Adrenaline Signup and view all the answers

What effect does serotonin have according to the provided content?

Mood regulation Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is linked to pleasure?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

How does dopamine contribute to behavior?

By providing a sense of euphoria Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for memory?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of GABA in the context of behavior?

Calming the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about neurotransmitters is true?

Each neurotransmitter has a specific effect on behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Real and Ideal Selves

Idealized self is created when individuals feel alienated from themselves.
Idealized self-image is an extravagantly positive view of oneself.
Real self can be achieved through self-realization.
Incongruence between the ideal self and real self leads to self-hatred.

Carl Rogers' Theory of Self-Concept

Self-concept has three components:
- Self-image: How you view yourself, influenced by expectations from significant others.
- Self-esteem or self-worth: The value you assign to yourself.
- Ideal-self: What you desire or expect of the "self".
We have two selves:
- Ideal self
- Actual self
Congruence between the ideal and real self affects our self-esteem.
Congruence leads to confidence, satisfaction, and self-actualization, resulting in high self-esteem.
Incongruence, a big gap between the real and ideal self, leads to distress, anxiety, low self-esteem, and defensive actions.

Psychology: Understanding the Self

Psychology is the science of human behavior and mental processes.
Psychology draws findings based on empirical data.

The Self in Psychology

Self is a schema of one's person.
Self is a sense of personal identity and who we are as individuals.

Individual Self: The Biological Foundations of Behavior

The brain is the center of all bodily activities, composed of billions of neurons.
Neurons receive signals from the environment, send them to the central nervous system, and then to different parts of the body.
Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that signal the brain.
Different neurotransmitters have different effects on our responses and behavior.

Types of Neurotransmitters

Adrenaline: Fight or flight response.
Noradrenaline: Concentration.
Dopamine: Pleasure.
Serotonin: Mood.
Gaba: Calming.
Acetylcholine: Learning.
Glutamate: Memory.
Endorphins: Euphoria.

Individual Self: Stages of Human Development

Popular theories in human development include:
- Psychosexual Stages of Development by Sigmund Freud.
- Psychosocial Stages of Development by Erik Erikson.

Psychosexual Development

Freud believed childhood experiences shape adult personality.
Five stages are limited until puberty.
Oral Phase (age 0-1): Pleasure is focused on the mouth.
Anal Phase (age 1-3): Satisfaction is focused on the expulsion of bowel and bladder.
Phallic Phase (age 3-6): Pleasure zone is the genitals; children develop incestuous feelings toward the opposite sex parent.
Latent Phase (age 7-13): Dormant sexual feelings; the child acquires new social values and spends time with same-sex peers.
Genital Phase (Puberty-Death): Maturation of sexual interest; sexual impulses reappear.

Psychosocial Development

Erikson's theory identifies eight stages a healthy individual should pass through from birth to death.
Each stage involves different needs, questions, and influences on behavior and learning.
Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 1-2 years): Infants enter the first stage, where they develop trust or mistrust based on their relationship with caregivers.

Individual Self: The Subjective Being

Subconscious mind: Thoughts not currently in awareness but easily remembered when needed.
Unconscious mind: Deepest, hardest to access part of the mind, containing unwanted memories, guilt feelings, unacceptable thoughts, and desires.
The mind has three provinces:
- Id: Follows pleasure principles, fully submerged in the unconscious mind.
- Superego: Follows morality principles, partly aware but influenced by the unconscious mind.
- Ego: Follows reality principles, aware of the situation and balances the Id, Superego, and reality.

Me-Self and I-Self: William James

James identified two understandings of self:
- Me-self: The self as an object of experience.
- I-Self: The self as a subject of experience.
Me-self categories:
- Material Self: Tangible objects, people, or places designated as "mine."
- Social Self: How we are regarded and recognized by others.
- Spiritual Self: Inner or psychological self, subjective being.
I-Self categories:
- Individual Self: Individual traits, abilities, and possessions.
- Relational Self: Other people with whom we have personal relationships.
- Collective Self: Social roles, categories, and group membership.
The "Me" is a separate individual or object we refer to when narrating personal experience.
The "I" is the one who knows who they are and what they have done in their life.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the concepts of the real self and ideal self based on Carl Rogers' theory of self-concept. Understand how congruence and incongruence between these selves affect self-esteem and overall well-being. This quiz will deepen your insights into self-realization and self-worth.