Gelation in Food Processing

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Questions and Answers

What can denature proteins to form a gel?

  • Acidic substances, Boiling, Mixing, Steaming
  • Light, Oxygen, Time, Freezing
  • Heat, pH, Pressure, Shearing (correct)
  • Alkaline substances, Microwaving, Fermentation, Drying

Which proteins form thermally irreversible gels?

  • Muscle proteins (myosin), egg white proteins (ovalbumin) (correct)
  • Enzymes, Antibodies
  • Plant proteins (gluten), milk proteins (casein)
  • Fish proteins (actin), soy proteins (glycinin)

What can prevent the formation of gels?

  • Presence of water, Agitation
  • High temperature, Low pH
  • Weak attractive forces between proteins (correct)
  • Strong attractive forces between proteins

What influences gel properties?

<p>Temperature, heating/cooling scheme, pH, salts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of thermally induced food gels formation?

<p>Unfolding of the protein structure by heat exposing its hydrophobic regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of fructose's substituent groups on the ring and the configuration about the anomeric carbon?

<p>They determine whether a given monosaccharide prefers the furanose or pyranose structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an aqueous solution of fructose at 25 ËšC, what is the composition of the cyclic forms?

<p>73% β-pyranose, 20% β-furanose, 5% α-furanose, 2% α-pyranose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the cyclic forms of fructose?

<p>The five-membered ring is referred to as the furanose ring, while the six-membered ring is referred to as the pyranose ring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In polysaccharides, in what form does fructose exclusively exist?

<p>Furanose form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of conformational isomers?

<p>They can interconvert between each other simply by rotation of bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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