Halal Gelatin Production

Questions and Answers

What is the temperature range for the first extraction in gelatin production?

40 to 50°C

60 to 70°C

70 to 80°C

50 to 60°C (correct)

What makes gelatin unique compared to its vegetable-based substitutes?

It melts below body temperature and is reversible (correct)

It can be melted and gelled only once

It is more expensive than its substitutes

It is derived from animal sources

Which of the following is NOT a vegetable-based substitute for gelatin?

Cellulose (correct)

Agar

Xanthan gum

Pectin

What is the primary concern at the Halal Control Point 1 (HCP1) in gelatin production?

Ensuring raw materials are properly segregated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of increasing the temperature in subsequent extractions?

To increase the gelatin yield Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed?

Carrageenan Signup and view all the answers

What is the final extraction temperature in gelatin production?

Close to the boiling point Signup and view all the answers

Why is Arabic gum halal?

Because it is obtained from the bark of Acacia trees Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of executing controls at the supplier's plant?

To ensure raw materials are properly segregated Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition for Xanthan gum to be halal?

The bacterial medium must be halal Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative to fish gelatin, but only if it is not from jalalah fish?

SYUBHAH Signup and view all the answers

What is done to bones from halal-slaughtered cattle to prepare them for gelatin production?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the resulting material called after treating bones with dilute hydrochloric acid?

Ossein Signup and view all the answers

What is done to cattle hides from halal-slaughtered animals in the production of halal gelatin?

They are dehaired chemically with a lime and sulfide solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the liming process in the production of halal gelatin?

8 to 12 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What determines the control of the liming process in the production of halal gelatin?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of washing the material with cold water after liming?

To remove excess lime Signup and view all the answers

How many times is the material typically extracted with hot water to recover the soluble gelatin?

Three to six times Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of collagen in ossein?

95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the pH level of the material with acid after liming?

To adjust the pH level to a acceptable range Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the halal status of gelatin?

Raw materials used in its manufacture Signup and view all the answers

What is Type A gelatin made from?

Pork skins only Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative to gelatin in food production?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical control point in halal gelatin production?

Sourcing of raw materials Signup and view all the answers

What is a process involved in the production of halal gelatin?

Degreasing and acid treatment Signup and view all the answers

Why is Type A gelatin considered HARAM?

It is made from pork skins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of gelatin?

Collagen tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of acid treatment in halal gelatin production?

To remove impurities Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using vegetable-based substitutes for gelatin?

Wider acceptance in halal markets Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in the production of halal gelatin?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in ensuring the production of halal gelatin?

Using a dedicated setup for lime treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of degreasing fresh bones in halal gelatin production?

To minimize cross-contamination from non-halal sources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a halal control point in gelatin production?

Bleaching Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using dedicated vats for acid treatment in halal gelatin production?

To reduce the risk of cross-contamination with non-halal materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a vegetable-based gelatin substitute?

Agar Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thoroughly cleaning the equipment before starting a halal gelatin production run?

To remove any non-halal materials that may be present on the equipment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to label halal gelatin properly?

To distinguish it from non-halal gelatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assigning halal control points (HCPs) in gelatin production?

To ensure the end product is halal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a halal control point (HCP) in gelatin production?

Degreasing of fresh bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using dedicated mills and blenders in halal gelatin production?

To prevent cross-contamination with non-halal materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in degreasing fresh bones in halal gelatin production?

Minimizing cross-contamination from non-halal sources Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to use dedicated vats for acid treatment in halal gelatin production?

To prevent cross-contamination from non-halal sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thorough cleaning and documentation before starting a halal gelatin production run?

To minimize the risk of contamination Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to pack halal gelatin in clean containers and label it properly?

To prevent mix-up with non-halal gelatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assigning halal control points (HCPs) in gelatin production?

To ensure the halal status of the product Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of properly cleaning mills and blenders in halal gelatin production?

To prevent contamination from non-halal sources Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to source halal raw materials in gelatin production?

To ensure the halal status of the product Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in milling and blending gelatin?

Preventing contamination from non-halal sources Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to execute controls at the supplier's plant in halal gelatin production?

To ensure the halal status of the raw materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using dedicated equipment in halal gelatin production?

Preventing contamination from non-halal sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of increasing the temperature in subsequent extractions during gelatin production?

To ensure complete dissolution of impurities Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to monitor and approve raw materials in gelatin production?

To prevent contamination with non-halal substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern during degreasing and segregation in gelatin production?

Prevention of cross-contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of segregating bones from halal and non-halal species?

To prevent contamination of halal gelatin with non-halal substances Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper labeling essential in halal gelatin production?

To ensure consumer confidence and trust Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of dedicated milling and blending in halal gelatin production?

To minimize cross-contamination risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of treating bones with dilute hydrochloric acid?

To remove mineral salts from the bones Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to adjust the pH level of the material with acid after liming?

To remove excess lime from the material Signup and view all the answers

During gelatin production, what is the primary purpose of executing controls at the supplier's plant?

To ensure raw material quality Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in determining the halal status of gelatin?

The method of slaughter Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the liming process in the production of halal gelatin?

8 to 12 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of degreasing fresh bones in halal gelatin production?

To remove fat and other impurities from the bones Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to keep extracts separate during gelatin production?

To facilitate blending to meet customer specifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of milling and blending in halal gelatin production?

To ensure uniform particle size and distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using vegetable-based substitutes for gelatin?

Wider range of applications Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to use dedicated vats for acid treatment in halal gelatin production?

To prevent contamination of halal gelatin with non-halal substances Signup and view all the answers

Why is thorough cleaning of equipment essential before starting a halal gelatin production run?

To prevent cross-contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thoroughly cleaning the equipment before starting a halal gelatin production run?

To prevent contamination of halal gelatin with non-halal substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assigning halal control points (HCPs) in gelatin production?

To ensure the production of high-quality halal gelatin Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to label halal gelatin properly?

To ensure consumer trust and compliance with halal regulations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in sourcing raw materials for halal gelatin production?

Halal status of the animal by-products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of degreasing fresh bones in halal gelatin production?

To reduce the fat content of the bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using dedicated vats for acid treatment in halal gelatin production?

To prevent cross-contamination with non-halal materials Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to label halal gelatin properly?

To differentiate from non-halal gelatin products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using dedicated mills and blenders in halal gelatin production?

To prevent cross-contamination with non-halal materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor determining the halal status of gelatin?

The type of animal used as the raw material Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assigning halal control points (HCPs) in gelatin production?

To ensure the halal status of the final product Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in extraction and processing of halal gelatin?

Halal status of the raw materials used Signup and view all the answers

Why is segregation of raw materials crucial in halal gelatin production?

To prevent cross-contamination with non-halal materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thoroughly cleaning the equipment before starting a halal gelatin production run?

To prevent cross-contamination with non-halal materials Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Halal Gelatin Production

Gelatin is an animal by-product, and its halal status depends on the nature of raw materials used in its manufacture.
There are two types of gelatin: Type A (made from pork skins, HARAM) and Type B (made from cattle and calf skins or demineralized cattle bones).

Sources of Gelatin

For gelatin to be halal, the animals must be slaughtered according to Islamic rites.
Bones and hides from halal-slaughtered animals are used to produce gelatin.
Fish gelatin is also halal, but must not be from jalalah fish.

Preparation of Source Material

Fresh bones from halal-slaughtered cattle are cleaned, degreased, dried, sorted, and crushed to a particle size of ca. 1-2 cm.
Bones are treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove mineral salts, resulting in ossein (organic extracellular matrix of bone, made of 95% collagen).
Cattle hides from halal-slaughtered animals are received from trimming operations of leather production.

Production of Halal Gelatin

The production process involves degreasing, acid treatment, lime treatment, extraction, evaporation, extrusion, and drying.
Each step has specific halal control points (HCPs) to ensure the end product is halal.
The first extraction takes place at 50-60°C, with subsequent extractions at increasing temperatures.
The final extraction is carried out close to the boiling point.

Halal Control Points (HCPs)

HCP1: Raw Materials - all sources (hides and bone chips) must be approved (halal animal and halal slaughtered) and constantly monitored.
HCP2: Degreasing - proper controls must be in place to minimize cross-contamination from non-halal sources.
HCP3: Acid Treatment - dedicated vats or pits should be used for halal bones.
HCP4: Lime Treatment - a similar setup may be used, with dedicated equipment.
HCP5: Extraction, Evaporation, Extrusion, and Drying - the system and equipment should be thoroughly cleaned and documented before starting a halal run.
HCP6: Milling and Blending - gelatin must be ground to meet granulation specification, and mills and blenders should be properly cleaned.
HCP7: Packaging and Labeling - halal gelatin must be packed in clean containers and labeled properly with halal markings.

Vegetable Substitutes for Gelatin

Agar (agar-agar, gelose, Chinese isinglass, Japanese isinglass, Bengal isinglass, or Ceylon isinglass)
Carrageenan (polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed)
Pectin (polysaccharide substance present in cell walls of all plants)
Xanthan gum (polysaccharide gum produced by bacteria fermentation, with halal bacterial medium)
Arabic gum (gum obtained from breaks or wound in the bark of Acacia trees)
Modified corn starch
Cellulose gum

Gelatin in Halal Food Production

Gelatin is an animal by-product, partially hydrolyzed collagen tissue from various animal parts.
Its halal status depends on the nature of raw materials used in its manufacture.

Sources of Gelatin

Type A gelatin is exclusively made from pork skins, which is Haram.
Type B gelatin is made either from cattle and calf skins or from demineralized cattle bones.

Production of Halal Gelatin

Fresh bones from halal-slaughtered cattle are cleaned, degreased, dried, sorted, and crushed to a particle size of 1-2 cm.
The pieces of bone are treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove mineral salts, resulting in ossein.
Ossein requires more liming time than cattle hide.
Liming usually takes 8-12 weeks.
The material is then thoroughly washed with cold water to remove excess lime, its pH adjusted with acid, and extracted with hot water to recover the soluble gelatin.
The number of extractions typically varies from three to six times.
Extracts are kept separate, analyzed, and subsequently blended to meet various customer specifications.

Halal Control Points (HCPs) in Halal Gelatin Production

HCP1: Raw Materials
- All sources (hides and bone chips) should be approved (halal animal & halal slaughtered) and constantly monitored.
- Gelatin manufacturers must execute controls at their supplier’s plants to ensure raw materials are properly segregated.
HCP2: Degreasing of Fresh Bones
- Halal gelatin manufacturers should ensure their suppliers have proper controls when degreasing halal bones to minimize cross-contamination from non-halal sources.
HCP3: Acid Treatment
- Vats or pits are used for acid treatment, and it is best if vats are dedicated for halal bones.
HCP4: Lime Treatment
- A similar setup may be used for lime treatment, and it is advisable to use dedicated setup.
HCP5: Extraction, Evaporation, Extrusion, and Drying
- These processes are carried out in tandem and continuously, and the system and equipment should be thoroughly cleaned and documented before starting a halal run.
HCP6: Milling and Blending
- Gelatin is ground to meet granulation specification, and gelatins of different bloom strengths are blended to get the desired gel strength.
- The mills and blenders, including all charging, discharging, and conveying equipment, should be properly cleaned to rid the equipment of any non-halal materials.
HCP7: Packaging and Labeling
- Halal gelatin must be packed in clean containers and labeled properly with halal markings to avoid any mix-up with non-halal gelatin.

Vegetable Substitutes for Gelatin

Agar
Carrageenan
Pectin
Xanthan gum (produced by bacteria fermentation, and the bacterial medium must be halal for the product to be halal)
Arabic gum (obtained from breaks or wounds in the bark of Acacia trees)
Modified corn starch
Cellulose gum

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Description

Learn about the halal status of gelatin, its types, and sources, including the importance of Islamic slaughter rituals in the production process.