GEC 6 - Ethics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and guides the principles of right and wrong behavior?

Ethics

What is the Greek word from which ethics is etymologically derived?

ethos

What is the Latin equivalent of ethos?

mores

What are the standards or rules that guide human conduct called?

<p>Moral Norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the core beliefs or desires that guide or motivate attitudes and actions?

<p>Values</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are traits or qualities considered to be good or bad in individuals called?

<p>Virtues and Vices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subfield of ethics?

<p>Clinical Ethics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key principles of Medical Ethics?

<p>Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle emphasizes promoting the well-being of patients and acting in their best interests?

<p>Beneficence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of Human Acts?

<p>Elicited Acts and Commanded Acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a constituent of Human Acts?

<p>Conscience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good intentions can lessen the moral value of an act.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of the ends of human acts?

<p>Proximate Ends and Ultimate Ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proximate ends are long-term goals that provide a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a proximate end?

<p>Studying for an exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key consideration in the ethical evaluation of human acts based on ends?

<p>The Motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethics

The branch of philosophy concerning morality and behavior principles.

Morality

Specific beliefs or attitudes that describe right and wrong actions.

Moral Norms

Standards or rules that guide human conduct and behavior.

Values

Core beliefs or desires that influence attitudes and actions.

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Virtues

Traits considered good or desirable in individuals.

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Vices

Traits or qualities considered bad or undesirable in individuals.

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Utilitarianism

Ethical theory proposing actions are right if they maximize happiness.

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Deontology

Ethics focusing on rules and duties, regardless of consequences.

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Virtue Ethics

Emphasizes character and virtues of the individual in decision-making.

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Meta-Ethics

Examines nature, meaning, and properties of ethical statements.

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Applied Ethics

Practical application of moral considerations to specific issues.

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Descriptive Ethics

Observes and describes how people behave and their claimed morals.

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Medical Ethics

Ethics regarding issues arising in medicine and healthcare.

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Informed Consent

Patients must be fully informed before giving consent for treatment.

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Confidentiality

Obligation to keep patient information private and secure.

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End-of-Life Care

Ethical decisions about life-sustaining treatments and palliative care.

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Resource Allocation

Ethical challenges of distributing limited healthcare resources fairly.

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Autonomy in Medical Ethics

Respecting patients' rights to make informed healthcare decisions.

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Beneficence

The principle of acting in the best interests of patients.

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Non-Maleficence

Obligation to avoid causing harm to patients.

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Justice in Healthcare

Ensuring fairness in healthcare treatment and resources.

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Human Acts

Actions performed with knowledge and free will, subject to moral evaluation.

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Elicited Acts

Actions originating from the will without external manifestation, such as intentions.

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Commanded Acts

Actions that involve both the will and external manifestation.

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Knowledge in Human Acts

Awareness and understanding of the action being performed.

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Freedom in Human Acts

Ability to choose actions without external coercion.

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Voluntariness

Deliberate decision and consent to perform an act.

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Proximate Ends

Immediate goals individuals seek to achieve through actions.

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Ultimate Ends

Long-term goals that provide purpose and meaning to life.

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Charitable Giving

Providing support for those in need with good intentions.

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Career Pursuit

Gaining employment and earning a living while achieving personal fulfillment.

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Study Notes

GEC 6 - ETHICS

  • Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and right/wrong behavior.
  • It explores the nature of good/evil, justice, and virtue, considering the responsibilities of individuals and societies toward one another.
  • Ethics is not just theoretical; it impacts daily lives and decision-making processes.
  • Ethics originates from the Greek word "ethos" (custom, usage, character) and the Latin equivalent "mores" (moral, morality).

Introduction to Ethics

  • Ethics examines moral norms (standards/rules for conduct), values (beliefs/desires that guide attitudes/actions), and virtues/vices (traits/qualities considered good/bad).
  • "Morals" may describe specific beliefs/attitudes about actions.
  • Immoral conduct occurs when individuals fail to act appropriately.

Scope of Ethics

  • Normative Ethics: Focuses on criteria for morally right/wrong behavior, including theories like utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics.

  • Utilitarianism: Actions are right if they maximize overall happiness/well-being (greatest good for the greatest number).

  • Deontology: Focuses on rules and duties; actions are inherently right/wrong regardless of consequences.

  • Virtue Ethics: Emphasizes the character/virtues (e.g., honesty, courage, compassion) of the individual.

  • Meta-Ethics: Examines the nature, meaning, and properties of ethical statements/concepts.

  • Applied Ethics: Applies moral considerations to specific issues (e.g., medical ethics, business ethics, environmental ethics).

Application of Ethics in Various Fields

  • Medical Ethics: Deals with issues in practice/research, considering autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence (do no harm), and justice.
  • Business Ethics: Focuses on ethical aspects of business practices (e.g., corporate social responsibility, ethical leadership, fair trade).
  • Environmental Ethics: Explores the moral relationship between humans and the environment (e.g., sustainability, conservation, animal rights).
  • Political Ethics: Examines ethical aspects of political systems, policies, and leaders (e.g., justice, rights, role of government).

Medical Ethics

  • Informed Consent: Patients must be fully informed about medical procedures/treatments' benefits, risks, and alternatives before consenting.
  • Confidentiality: Healthcare professionals are obligated to protect patient information.
  • End-of-Life Care: Ethical decisions surround life-sustaining treatments, palliative care, and euthanasia.
  • Resource Allocation: Fair/just distribution of limited healthcare resources.
  • Research Ethics: Medical research must adhere to ethical standards to protect participants' rights/well-being (e.g., informed consent, minimizing harm, ensuring scientific validity).

Key Principles of Medical Ethics

  • Autonomy: Respecting patients' right to make informed decisions about their healthcare.
  • Beneficence: Promoting the well-being of patients and acting in their best interests.
  • Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm to patients.
  • Justice: Ensuring fairness and equity in the distribution of healthcare resources.

Importance of Ethics

  • Ethics guides moral behavior (distinguishes right from wrong).
  • Promotes trust/integrity in personal/professional relationships.
  • Upholds principles of justice/fairness.
  • Enhances accountability, protecting rights/dignity.

Fundamental Concepts: Human Acts

  • Human acts involve knowledge/free will.
  • Two categories:
  • Elicited Acts: Originate in the will, without external expression (decisions, intentions, internal resolutions).
  • Commanded Acts: Involve both will and external manifestation (speaking, writing, physical actions).

Constituents of Human Acts

  • Knowledge: Awareness/understanding of the act.
  • Freedom: Ability to choose without coercion.
  • Voluntariness: Intentional/deliberate decisions.

Ethical Evaluation of Human Acts

  • Act Itself: The inherent good/bad nature of the act.
  • Intention: Motives/purposes behind the act.
  • Circumstances: Context/conditions influencing the act's impact.
  • Means/Ends: Means are morally acceptable towards the end.

Examples and Applications

  • Charitable Giving: Proximate end is providing support; ultimate end is promoting social justice/compassion.
  • Pursuing a Career: Proximate end is employment; ultimate end is personal fulfillment/contribution to society.

The Ends of Human Acts

  • Proximate Ends: Immediate/short-term goals.
  • Ultimate Ends: Final/long-term goals (e.g., happiness, moral goodness, self-actualization).

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GEC6 - Ethics PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of ethics, including morality, values, and the different branches of ethical theory. It delves into the importance of ethics in daily decision-making and the responsibilities individuals hold towards others. Test your understanding of normative ethics and related concepts.

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