G.C.E. A/L Biology - Grade 12 Resource Book
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Biology

The science that studies living organisms.

Zoology

The study of animals.

Botany

The study of plants.

Microbiology

The study of microorganisms.

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Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells.

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Prokaryotic Cell

Cells without a nucleus, like bacteria.

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Eukaryotic Cell

Cells with a nucleus, found in plants and animals.

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Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid inside a cell.

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Plasma Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell.

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Ribosomes

Cell structures that synthesize proteins.

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Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP.

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Chloroplasts

Organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

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DNA

Molecule that carries genetic information.

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Nucleotides

Building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

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Photosynthesis

Process by which plants make their own food using sunlight.

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Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides into two new cells.

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Evolution

Change in the genetic composition of a population over time.

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Natural Selection

Process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive.

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Enzymes

Proteins that speed up biochemical reactions.

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Metabolism

All biochemical reactions in an organism.

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Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

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Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.

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Chromosomes

Structures that contain DNA and protein.

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Genome

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell.

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Biotechnology

Use of living systems or organisms to develop or make products.

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Ecology

Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations.

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Protein Structure

Proteins have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

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Lipids

Hydrophobic molecules like fats and oils.

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Study Notes

G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology - Grade 12 Resource Book

  • The resource book is for Grade 12 G.C.E (Advanced Level) Biology students
  • It was first printed in 2017 by the National Institute of Education, Sri Lanka.
  • The book covers the G.C.E (A/L) Biology Grade 12 and 13 syllabi and Teachers' Guides.
  • It aims to enhance the quality of education by providing supplementary resources.
  • The book was compiled by the National Institute of Education with contributions from teachers and external experts.

Content Overview

  • The resource book includes a content section with details of each subject unit.
  • Unit 1 covers Introduction to Biology.
  • Unit 2 focuses on the Chemical and cellular basis of life.
  • Unit 3 is about Evolution and diversity of organisms.
  • Unit 4 is about Plant form and function.
  • Unit 5 is about animal form and function.

Additional Information

  • The book includes messages from the Director General of the National Institute of Education.
  • A panel of expert teachers and university lecturers contributed to the book.
  • The book's content aligns with the Sri Lankan G.C.E (Advanced Level) Biology curriculum.
  • The book targets in-depth understanding of the subject, through illustrations, diagrams and tables.
  • The book includes information on different types of cell structures and their functions, chemical nature, and functions of main organic compounds, mechanisms of enzyme action, different types of cells and tissues, and processes of various life processes.

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Description

This resource book is designed for Grade 12 G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology students in Sri Lanka. It covers essential units including the introduction to biology, chemical basis of life, evolution, and the form and function of plants and animals, providing supplementary resources for enhancing educational quality.

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