Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What are the four physiological processes taking place along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • Motility, Secretion, Digestion, Absorption (correct)
  • Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Olfaction
  • Sensation, Synthesis, Elimination, Assimilation
  • Contraction, Osmosis, Filtration, Peristalsis

    • Which control systems are involved in the functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • Neural control and Hormonal control (correct)
  • Muscular control and Skeletal control
  • Respiratory control and Circulatory control
  • Endocrine control and Immune control

    • What is the outer layer of smooth muscle cells arranged longitudinally along the digestive tract called?

  • Circular layer
  • Transverse layer
  • Oblique layer
  • Longitudinal layer (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the high vascularization of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main layers forming the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with variations according to organ?

    <p>Longitudinal layer and Circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are important for the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are found in the submucosa?

    <p>Interstitial cells of cajal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gap junctions in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>To permit cells to function as a syncytium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the third thin layer of smooth muscle cells known as Muscularis mucosa?

    <p>Facilitates movements of mucosal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the true action potentials at smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Spike potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in the activation of myosin filaments in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Formation of calcium-calmodulin complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of Ca++ for contraction in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Either extracellular fluid or sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for removing the phosphate group or dephosphorylation of myosin during relaxation in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the activation of Ca++ channels for the entry of Ca++ from the interstitial fluid in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Spike potentials at the peak of slow waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is activated by an increase in concentration of calcium-calmodulin complex in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four physiological processes taking place along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Digestion, absorption, secretion, motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the high vascularization of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>To facilitate the process of absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control systems are involved in the functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Central and peripheral nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for removing the phosphate group or dephosphorylation of myosin during relaxation in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Myosin phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main layers forming the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with variations according to organ?

    <p>Longitudinal layer and circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are important for the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are found in the submucosa?

    <p>Interstitial cells of cajal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gap junctions in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Allowing cells to function as syncytium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the true action potentials at smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Spike potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for removing the phosphate group or dephosphorylation of myosin during relaxation in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Phosphatase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the activation of Ca++ channels for the entry of Ca++ from the interstitial fluid in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Spike potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of Ca++ for contraction in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Both extracellular fluid and sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer layer of smooth muscle cells arranged longitudinally along the digestive tract called?

    <p>Muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic electrical activity of smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Slow waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a single cell containing several nuclei formed by fusion of cells in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Syncytium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do spike potentials indicate at smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Fast depolarization and backrepolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the secretion from tubular glands and movements of mucosal folds along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>'Muscularis mucosa'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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