Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What are the four physiological processes taking place along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • Motility, Secretion, Digestion, Absorption (correct)
  • Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Olfaction
  • Sensation, Synthesis, Elimination, Assimilation
  • Contraction, Osmosis, Filtration, Peristalsis

Which control systems are involved in the functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • Neural control and Hormonal control (correct)
  • Muscular control and Skeletal control
  • Respiratory control and Circulatory control
  • Endocrine control and Immune control

What is the outer layer of smooth muscle cells arranged longitudinally along the digestive tract called?

  • Circular layer
  • Transverse layer
  • Oblique layer
  • Longitudinal layer (correct)

What is the primary function of the high vascularization of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

<p>Absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main layers forming the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with variations according to organ?

<p>Longitudinal layer and Circular layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are important for the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are found in the submucosa?

<p>Interstitial cells of cajal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gap junctions in smooth muscle cells?

<p>To permit cells to function as a syncytium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the third thin layer of smooth muscle cells known as Muscularis mucosa?

<p>Facilitates movements of mucosal folds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the true action potentials at smooth muscle cells?

<p>Spike potentials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results in the activation of myosin filaments in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Formation of calcium-calmodulin complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Ca++ for contraction in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Either extracellular fluid or sarcoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for removing the phosphate group or dephosphorylation of myosin during relaxation in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Phosphatase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the activation of Ca++ channels for the entry of Ca++ from the interstitial fluid in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Spike potentials at the peak of slow waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is activated by an increase in concentration of calcium-calmodulin complex in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four physiological processes taking place along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

<p>Digestion, absorption, secretion, motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the high vascularization of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

<p>To facilitate the process of absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which control systems are involved in the functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

<p>Central and peripheral nervous systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for removing the phosphate group or dephosphorylation of myosin during relaxation in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Myosin phosphatase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main layers forming the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with variations according to organ?

<p>Longitudinal layer and circular layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are important for the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are found in the submucosa?

<p>Interstitial cells of cajal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gap junctions in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Allowing cells to function as syncytium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the true action potentials at smooth muscle cells?

<p>Spike potentials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for removing the phosphate group or dephosphorylation of myosin during relaxation in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Phosphatase enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the activation of Ca++ channels for the entry of Ca++ from the interstitial fluid in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Spike potentials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Ca++ for contraction in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Both extracellular fluid and sarcoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of smooth muscle cells arranged longitudinally along the digestive tract called?

<p>Muscularis externa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic electrical activity of smooth muscle cells?

<p>Slow waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents a single cell containing several nuclei formed by fusion of cells in smooth muscle cells?

<p>Syncytium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do spike potentials indicate at smooth muscle cells?

<p>Fast depolarization and backrepolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the secretion from tubular glands and movements of mucosal folds along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

<p>'Muscularis mucosa' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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