10 Questions
Which artery supplies the rest of the small intestine and the proximal portion of the colon?
Superior mesenteric artery
Where do the veins of most of the gastrointestinal tract drain into?
Hepatic portal vein
Which vein supplies the liver with blood from the digestive system?
Hepatic portal vein
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract drains into the inferior thyroid vein, azygos vein, and left gastric vein?
Esophagus
Where does the distal anal canal (below the pectinate line) drain into?
Inferior vena cava
Which artery supplies the stomach and drains into the portal vein?
Gastroduodenal artery
What structure does the mesoderm form that lines the organs of the peritoneal cavity, including the gastrointestinal tract?
Peritoneum
Which vein drains the upper small intestine and empties into the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric vein
In embryonic development, which structure is derived from the primordial midgut?
Duodenum
Which artery supplies the large intestine and has branches such as the right, middle, and left colic arteries?
Middle colic artery
Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a complex system of organs that allows for the consumption and digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste in the form of fecal matter. It includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The GIT is derived from the primitive gut tube and can be divided into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, each of which is distinct in its embryological development and neurovascular supply.
Gross Anatomy of GIT
The gastrointestinal tract is composed of four histological layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa (intraperitoneal organs) or adventitia (extraperitoneal organs).
Foregut
The foregut derives from the primitive gut tube and includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and proximal portion of the small intestine (duodenum).
Midgut
The midgut derives from the primitive gut tube and includes the rest of the small intestine and the proximal portion of the colon.
Hindgut
The hindgut derives from the primitive gut tube and includes the distal portion of the colon and the rectum.
Blood Supply of GIT
The major arteries supplying the gastrointestinal tract are the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries.
Celiac Artery
The celiac artery supplies the stomach and the proximal portion of the small intestine (duodenum).
Superior Mesenteric Artery
The superior mesenteric artery supplies the rest of the small intestine and the proximal portion of the colon.
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the distal portion of the colon.
Venous Drainage of GIT
The veins of most of the gastrointestinal tract drain directly or indirectly into the portal vein.
Portal Vein
The portal vein is a large venous system that supplies the liver with blood from the digestive system.
Exceptions
The esophagus drains into the inferior thyroid vein, the azygos vein, hemiazygos vein, and the left gastric vein.
The distal anal canal (below the pectinate line) drains into the inferior vena cava.
In summary, the gastrointestinal tract is a complex system of organs that allows for the consumption and digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste. It is divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut, each with distinct embryological development and neurovascular supply. The major arteries supplying the gastrointestinal tract are the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries, while the veins of most of the gastrointestinal tract drain directly or indirectly into the portal vein. The esophagus and distal anal canal have different venous drainage patterns.
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This quiz covers the gross anatomy of the GIT, including the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, as well as the major arteries (celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric) and venous drainage into the portal vein.
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