Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

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What is the purpose of lithotripsy in treating parotid stones and smaller submandibular stones?

To promote spontaneous stone passage

To disintegrate the stone (correct)

To enlarge the ductal orifice

To prevent hiatal hernia

Which type of hiatal hernia occurs when the upper stomach and the gastroesophageal junction are displaced upward?

Type II hiatal hernia

Type IV hiatal hernia

Paraesophageal hernia

Sliding hernia (correct)

What is a common symptom associated with sliding hiatal hernias?

Intermittent epigastric pain

Nausea

Pyrosis

All of the above (correct)

What diagnostic procedure is used to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine?

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a dietary recommendation for patients with hiatal hernias?

Frequent, small feedings (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a post-operative management strategy for patients who have undergone surgical hernia repair?

Tracking nutritional intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal stimulus for the urge to defecate?

Rectal distention (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of constipation?

Functional constipation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of slow-transit constipation?

Inherent disorders of the motor function of the colon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of interference with the normal processes of defecation?

Constipation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common consequence of defecatory disorders?

Fecal incontinence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of relaxation of the internal sphincter muscle?

Facilitation of defecation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with diarrhea?

Incontinence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of establishing a bowel routine?

To aid in initiating the reflex of defecation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chronic diarrhea?

It persists for more than 4 weeks and may return sporadically (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended method to help prevent constipation?

Eating high-residue, high-fiber foods (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing abdominal toning exercises?

To help propel colon contents (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to avoid the overuse or long-term use of stimulant laxatives?

Because they can lead to dependence and decreased bowel function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of stool in a person with constipation?

Lumpy, hard, and dry (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of biofeedback in the management of constipation?

To strengthen the muscles involved in defecation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between constipation and diarrhea?

Constipation is a decreased frequency of bowel movements, while diarrhea is an increased frequency (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nurse in the management of constipation?

To educate the patient about normal bowel elimination and bowel habits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of anorectal manometry in the assessment of constipation?

To measure the pressure of the anal sphincter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of constipation?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of chronic inflammatory bowel disease?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of medical management in chronic inflammatory bowel disease?

Reducing inflammation and preventing complications (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet is recommended for patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease?

Low-residue, high-protein, high-calorie diet (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is used to alter the immune response in chronic inflammatory bowel disease?

Immunomodulators (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical procedure that involves removing the entire colon and attaching the ileum to the anus?

Total colectomy with ileostomy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyp of the colon and rectum?

A mass of tissue that protrudes into the lumen of the bowel (D) Signup and view all the answers