Gastrointestinal Tract: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases

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What is the primary function of the mucin in saliva?

To aid in speech and chewing
To break down proteins
To lubricate food (correct)
To break down complex carbohydrates

What is the primary function of the amylase in saliva?

To lubricate food
To aid in speech and chewing
To break down complex carbohydrates (correct)
To break down proteins

What is the primary function of lysozyme in saliva?

To lubricate food
To break down complex carbohydrates
To aid in speech and chewing
To have an antibacterial effect (correct)

What is the primary function of the digestive tract?

To pass food through for digestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for mechanical preparation of food?

Oral cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the two parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended lifestyle modification to avoid lying down immediately after meals?

Elevate the head of the bed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

Lifting or straining (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of food is recommended to be avoided in patients with acid reflux?

Fatty foods (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of clinical recovery for Hepatitis B patients?

3-16 weeks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnosis for esophageal varices?

Upper endoscopy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended vaccination schedule for Hepatitis B for children and adults?

Three intramuscular injections, the second and third doses administered at 1 and 6 months respectively (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a single booster dose for healthcare workers?

To offer additional protection after primary immunization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of esophageal varices?

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the development of esophageal varices?

Portal hypertension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of cirrhosis associated with Hepatitis B?

Micronodular cirrhosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method to prevent Hepatitis B transmission from mother-to-child?

Antiviral prophylaxis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Hepatitis B?

No symptoms for a long time (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hoarseness in URTI?

H.Influenza (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensation of substernal burning, radiating to the neck, caused by reflux of acidic material into the esophagus?

Heartburn (pyrosis) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute laryngitis?

One week rest of voice box and antibiotic therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the differential diagnosis for hoarseness?

Tumor in vocal cords, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty in swallowing?

Dysphagia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty in transferring the food bolus from the oropharynx into the upper esophagus?

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute cholecystitis?

Obstruction of the cystic duct (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone concavity where the pituitary gland is located?

Sella turcica (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine glands?

To produce hormones that are released into the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the examination of the right upper quadrant just below one inch of the subcostal margin to detect pain?

Murphy's sign (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of gallstone?

Cholesterol stone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for acute cholecystitis?

Combination of medical management and surgical intervention (B) Signup and view all the answers