Gastrointestinal Disorders: Diarrhea and Constipation

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What is the primary indication for considering a patient for Parenteral Nutrition (PN)?

Electrolyte imbalances
History of peptic ulcer disease
Weight loss of 5% or more of usual weight
Decreased oral intake for more than 1 week (correct)

What is a common complication of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) that can be prevented by maintaining optimal nutrition?

Hyperglycemia
Pneumothorax
Fluid overload (correct)
Sepsis

What is the primary cause of Chronic Gastritis?

Local irritants such as aspirin
Infection with H. pylori (correct)
Autoimmune response
Chronic stress

What is the primary goal of nursing considerations for patients receiving Parenteral Nutrition (PN)?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not flushing the PN catheter after use?

Clotted or displaced catheter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the gastric mucosa?

Gastritis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk of using nasogastric intubation for decompression?

Irritation to the stomach lining (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of chronic H. pylori gastritis?

Loss of appetite (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of chronic H. pylori gastritis?

Gastric ulcer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of gastropathy?

NSAID use (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of diarrhea?

Urgency, perianal discomfort, incontinence, nausea or combination (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic procedure to assess malfunction of the sphincter in constipation?

Anorectal manometry (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of gastritis that can be caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori?

Nonerosive acute gastritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for constipation that is generally NOT recommended unless other medications have failed?

Enemas and rectal suppositories (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why may fiberoptic endoscopy be necessary in patients with gastritis?

To visualize the stomach lining (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of constipation?

Fewer than 3 BM weekly or BM that are hard, dry, small or difficult to pass (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for the use of antidiarrheal medication diphenoxylate with Atropine?

To treat diarrhea (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of GI intubation?

To insert a flexible tube into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'peptic' related to in the context of peptic ulcer disease?

Digestion, especially that involving pepsin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of erosion of the mucosa in peptic ulcer disease?

Decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ulcer is associated with normal or decreased levels of acid secretion?

Gastric ulcers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of antacids in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

To neutralize stomach acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used to treat H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease?

Antibiotics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of exposure of the mucosa to gastric acid and pepsin?

Inflammation, injury, and subsequent erosion of the mucosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of GERD?

Laryngeal damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are all patients in the hospital given an H2 blocker?

Because medications given in the hospital increase acid content (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a proton pump inhibitor in the management of GERD?

To reduce the production of stomach acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended lifestyle modification for GERD?

Increasing caffeine intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the cells lining the lower esophagus in Barrett's esophagus?

Altered lining of the esophageal mucosa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of a prokinetic agent in the management of GERD?

Moving food through the digestive system quickly (A) Signup and view all the answers