Questions and Answers
What are some signs of dehydration in young children?
Sunken eyes, dry mouth, decreased urination, and dark yellow urine
What is the cause of heartburn or acid reflux?
The passage of acidic contents from the stomach into the esophagus
What is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Frequent chronic heartburn
What is the primary cause of diarrhea?
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What is a possible complication of bleeding from esophageal ulcers?
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What type of foods should be limited or avoided to manage GERD?
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What is the consequence of frequent watery stools in diarrhea?
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Why is prompt treatment of severe diarrhea crucial for infants and older adults?
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What is a peptic ulcer?
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What can happen if an ulcer erodes through the stomach or intestinal wall?
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What is the function of vomiting in response to toxic substances?
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How do physicians detect peptic ulcers?
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What is the result of repeated vomiting accompanied by diarrhea?
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What can be a sign of bleeding from the esophagus and stomach?
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How can adults prevent dehydration when experiencing vomiting?
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What is a sign of dehydration in adults?
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What is a recommendation for reducing the risk of heartburn and managing GERD?
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Why do children develop dehydration more rapidly than adults when experiencing vomiting and/or diarrhea?
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What should adults do if their vomit is bloody or accompanied by other signs and symptoms?
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What is the duration of vomiting that generally does not last more than?
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What is the name of the bacteria that can live in parts of the stomach and is largely responsible for the development of stomach ulcers?
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What is the purpose of the flexible scope used in the procedure to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine?
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What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) characterized by?
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What is the difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
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What is the purpose of a low-FODMAP diet in treating IBS?
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What is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults in the United States?
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What are some major risk factors for colorectal cancer?
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What is the main sign of incomplete bowel movements in people with colorectal cancer?
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What is the purpose of antibiotics and medications that reduce stomach acid production in treating peptic ulcers?
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What is the common term for cancer that develops in either the colon or the rectum?
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What is the recommended age for adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer to undergo regular screening tests?
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What type of therapy uses antibodies to detect and bind to colorectal cancer cells?
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What are some of the risk factors for developing colorectal cancer?
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What are the four main types of treatment for colorectal cancer?
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At what age should adults with one or more major risk factors for colorectal cancer consult their physicians about beginning regular screenings?
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What is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer?
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What is the purpose of surgery in treating colorectal cancer?
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In what chapter of the textbook can one find more general information about cancer and the role of diet in cancer development?
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What is the minimum frequency of bowel movements considered normal according to the American Gastroenterological Association?
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Who is more likely to experience constipation?
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What is a possible cause of constipation?
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What can happen when people regularly ignore their normal bowel urges?
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What is a possible complication of chronic constipation?
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When should you discuss changes in bowel habits with your physician?
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What can affect the frequency of bowel movements?
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What is the name of the chapter that provides more information on inflamed hemorrhoids and diverticula?
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Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Constipation:
- Defined as fewer than 3 bowel movements per week, hard or dry stools, or difficulty eliminating stools
- Affects older adults and pregnant women
- Can be caused by lack of dietary fiber, low water intake, certain medications, and ignoring bowel urges
- Can lead to discomfort, inflamed hemorrhoids, and diverticula
- Diarrhea:
- Characterized by frequent bowel movements with loose stools
- Caused by bacterial or viral infections of the intestinal tract
- Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance if not treated promptly
- Severe cases require medical attention, especially in infants and older adults
- Vomiting:
- A response to toxic substances, food allergies, hormonal changes, and serious conditions like intestinal blockages and cancer
- Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance if not treated promptly
- Repeated vomiting can be a sign of a serious underlying condition
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
- Characterized by heartburn, a gnawing pain or burning sensation in the upper chest
- Caused by the passage of acidic contents from the stomach into the esophagus
- Can lead to esophageal ulcers, bleeding, and increased risk of esophageal cancer if not treated properly
- Dietary advice includes consuming smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding trigger foods, and elevating the head of the bed
Peptic Ulcer
- A sore that occurs primarily in the lining of the stomach or upper small intestine
- Typical symptoms include dull or burning pain in the upper abdominal area
- Caused by H. pylori infection, smoking, heavy consumption of alcohol, and use of NSAIDs
- Can be treated with antibiotics, medications that reduce stomach acid production, and avoiding NSAIDs
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Characterized by intestinal cramps, bloating, gas, and abnormal bowel function
- Affects 10-15% of Americans
- Cause is unknown, but may be triggered by gastrointestinal infections and emotional stress
- Treatment includes elimination diets, stress management, and medications
Colorectal Cancer
- Second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults in the United States
- Major signs and symptoms include changes in bowel movements, bloody stools, abdominal cramps, and anemia
- Major risk factors include being over 50, having colorectal polyps, family history, ulcerative colitis, type 2 diabetes, and excess body fat
- Screening tests should begin at age 45 for average-risk individuals
- Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, biological therapy, and radiation therapy
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Description
A quiz about the definition, causes, and effects of constipation and diarrhea in older adults and pregnant women, including the role of diet, medications, and bowel habits.