Gastrointestinal Disorders

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of GERD if left untreated?

  • Hiatal hernia
  • Achalasia
  • Esophageal adenocarcinoma (correct)
  • Dysplasia

What is the triad of symptoms associated with achalasia?

  • Incomplete relaxation of the LES, increased LES tone, and aperistalsis of the esophagus (correct)
  • Dysphagia, regurgitation, and retrosternal pain
  • Incomplete relaxation of the LES, regurgitation, and halitosis
  • Halitosis, dysphagia, and weight loss

Which of the following is a risk factor for hiatal hernia?

  • Family history
  • Male gender
  • Viral infection
  • Advanced age (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of injury in achalasia caused by Chagas disease?

<p>Destruction of the myenteric ganglion plexus cells of the GIT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal protrusion of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through a lax diaphragmatic hiatus?

<p>Hiatal hernia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of hiatal hernia associated with GERD and ulcerations?

<p>Sliding hernia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for acute gastritis?

<p>H.Pylori infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of acute gastritis?

<p>Acidic damage due to imbalance between damaging and protective factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for outpouching of only the mucosa and submucosa through the muscularis propria?

<p>Colonic diverticula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location of colonic diverticula?

<p>Sigmoid colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel?

<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Type A atrophic gastritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in adults?

<p>Hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of a colovesical fistula?

<p>Dysuria, air/feces in urine and recurrent UTIs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of volvulus in adults?

<p>Sigmoid colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic stool of intussusception?

<p>Currant-jelly stool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ileus?

<p>Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of perforation?

<p>Acute abdomen due to fecal peritonitis and shoulder pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of immune-mediated damage of small bowel villi in Celiac disease?

<p>Gluten exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common HLA association with Celiac disease?

<p>HLA-DQ2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of untreated Celiac disease?

<p>Dermatitis herpetiformis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of Tropical Sprue in the small intestine?

<p>Jejunum/Ileum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic method for Celiac disease and Tropical Sprue?

<p>Serology, human leucocyte antigen testing, and endoscopy (+biopsy) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a secondary complication of Tropical Sprue?

<p>Both Vitamin B12 and Folate deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of paralytic ileus?

<p>Impairment of peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of ileus?

<p>Post-operative ileus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hirschsprung's disease, which part of the colon is affected?

<p>Distal sigmoid colon and rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of malabsorption syndrome?

<p>Steatorrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause malabsorption syndrome?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of bowel obstruction?

<p>Constipation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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