Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

What is a major factor in the development of GERD?

Increased gastric emptying

Elevated salivary buffering

Enhanced mucosal resistance

Defective lower esophagus sphincter (LES) (correct)

Which factor affects the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)?

Increased salivary flow

Delayed gastric emptying

Smoking (nicotine) (correct)

Chocolate consumption

What is associated with hiatal hernia?

Increased intra-abdominal pressure (correct)

Decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure

Enhanced salivary buffering

Delayed gastric emptying

What contributes to esophageal clearance?

Increased salivary flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What may increase both the frequency of reflux and the amount of gastric fluid available to be refluxed?

Delayed gastric emptying (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

An irritation of the esophagus caused by stomach acid washing into the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of GERD is characterized by no erosive changes in the esophagus during endoscopy?

Non-erosive reflux disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is Barrett’s Esophagus associated with?

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age group affected by GERD?

Middle-aged individuals over 40 years old (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of GERD is characterized by inflamed and worn away lining of the esophagus?

Erosive Esophagitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Physiologic GERD?

Asymptomatic and not during sleep (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Non-erosive reflux disease?

Milder form with no erosive changes in esophagus during endoscopy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Erosive Esophagitis?

Inflamed and worn away lining of esophagus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major risk factor for Barrett’s Esophagus?

Symptomatic GERD with mucosal injury (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what frequency does GERD occur in all ages, but most commonly in those older than 40 years of age?

Frequently (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor in the development of GERD according to the given text?

Defective lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What may increase both the frequency of reflux and the amount of gastric fluid available to be refluxed, as per the given text?

An increase in gastric volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of GERD is characterized by no erosive changes in the esophagus during endoscopy, based on the information provided?

Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to esophageal clearance according to the provided information?

Swallowing increasing salivary flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with hiatal hernia according to the given text?

Anatomic factors (eg, Hiatal hernia) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a major factor in the development of hiatal hernia.
Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a factor that affects its tone.

Factors Contributing to GERD

Eating a large or fatty meal may increase both the frequency of reflux and the amount of gastric fluid available to be refluxed.
Delayed gastric emptying contributes to esophageal clearance.

Classification of GERD

Non-erosive reflux disease is characterized by no erosive changes in the esophagus during endoscopy.
Erosive Esophagitis is characterized by an inflamed and worn away lining of the esophagus.
Physiologic GERD is characterized by a normal esophagus and no symptoms.

Associated Conditions

Hiatal hernia is associated with GERD.
Barrett's Esophagus is associated with GERD and is a major risk factor.

Demographics

GERD occurs in all ages, but most commonly in those older than 40 years of age.
The most common age group affected by GERD is older than 40 years of age.

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Description

Learn about Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in this lecture by Dr. Manar A. Nader. Understand the definition, symptoms, and differentiation between physiologic and pathologic GERD.