20 Questions
What is a major factor in the development of GERD?
Defective lower esophagus sphincter (LES)
Which factor affects the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)?
Smoking (nicotine)
What is associated with hiatal hernia?
Increased intra-abdominal pressure
What contributes to esophageal clearance?
Increased salivary flow
What may increase both the frequency of reflux and the amount of gastric fluid available to be refluxed?
Delayed gastric emptying
What is the definition of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
An irritation of the esophagus caused by stomach acid washing into the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach
Which category of GERD is characterized by no erosive changes in the esophagus during endoscopy?
Non-erosive reflux disease
What is Barrett’s Esophagus associated with?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
What is the most common age group affected by GERD?
Middle-aged individuals over 40 years old
Which category of GERD is characterized by inflamed and worn away lining of the esophagus?
Erosive Esophagitis
What is the distinguishing feature of Physiologic GERD?
Asymptomatic and not during sleep
What is the characteristic of Non-erosive reflux disease?
Milder form with no erosive changes in esophagus during endoscopy
What characterizes Erosive Esophagitis?
Inflamed and worn away lining of esophagus
What is the major risk factor for Barrett’s Esophagus?
Symptomatic GERD with mucosal injury
At what frequency does GERD occur in all ages, but most commonly in those older than 40 years of age?
Frequently
What is the major factor in the development of GERD according to the given text?
Defective lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
What may increase both the frequency of reflux and the amount of gastric fluid available to be refluxed, as per the given text?
An increase in gastric volume
Which category of GERD is characterized by no erosive changes in the esophagus during endoscopy, based on the information provided?
Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)
What contributes to esophageal clearance according to the provided information?
Swallowing increasing salivary flow
What is associated with hiatal hernia according to the given text?
Anatomic factors (eg, Hiatal hernia)
Study Notes
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- GERD is a major factor in the development of hiatal hernia.
- Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a factor that affects its tone.
Factors Contributing to GERD
- Eating a large or fatty meal may increase both the frequency of reflux and the amount of gastric fluid available to be refluxed.
- Delayed gastric emptying contributes to esophageal clearance.
Classification of GERD
- Non-erosive reflux disease is characterized by no erosive changes in the esophagus during endoscopy.
- Erosive Esophagitis is characterized by an inflamed and worn away lining of the esophagus.
- Physiologic GERD is characterized by a normal esophagus and no symptoms.
Associated Conditions
- Hiatal hernia is associated with GERD.
- Barrett's Esophagus is associated with GERD and is a major risk factor.
Demographics
- GERD occurs in all ages, but most commonly in those older than 40 years of age.
- The most common age group affected by GERD is older than 40 years of age.
Learn about Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in this lecture by Dr. Manar A. Nader. Understand the definition, symptoms, and differentiation between physiologic and pathologic GERD.
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