Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Overview

<p>Hyperinflation of the lungs affects pressure gradients, predisposing them to reflux (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impacts from the reflux of acidic stomach contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambulatory pH monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypersalivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biopsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bismuth salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased concentration or activity of acid and pepsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age between 30 to 60 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drinking caffeinated beverages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vagotomy with pyloroplasty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To neutralize the acidic contents from the stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through contaminated food and water or close contact with emesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excavation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perforation and Penetration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissues in this area are less resistant to digestive acids/pepsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of NSAIDs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stool antigen testing and urea breath test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>an erosion of a limited area of the GI tract mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoscopy with biopsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation and changes in the stomach lining affecting the stomach's ability to expand and accommodate food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresh, red blood in the stools, often from the lower GI tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases gastric activity and pepsin secretion, worsening irritation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observing stools for frank or occult bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pernicious anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heartburn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduce clear liquids followed by solids once symptoms subside. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the secretion of gastric acids and interferes with the mucosal barrier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics, and bismuth salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophagoscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit alcohol intake and use H2 blockers, like cimetidine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accelerating gastric emptying to promote intestinal movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Halitosis and regurgitation of undigested food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sliding hernias involve displacement of the gastroesophageal junction, while paraesophageal hernias do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By measuring the pressure and constriction of the esophagus during swallowing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postoperative x-ray to check for leakage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achalasia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a barrier between the lower esophagus and stomach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition where the stomach produces too much acid, often caused by a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

A type of medication that reduces stomach acid production.

A common treatment for PUD that combines two antibiotics and a PPI to kill H. pylori and reduce stomach acid.

A surgical procedure that involves cutting the vagus nerve to decrease stomach acid production.

A surgical procedure that widens the pyloric sphincter to help the stomach empty more easily.

A condition where stomach acid or contents flow back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort.

A ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that helps prevent stomach contents from flowing back up.

A condition where the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm.

A weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.

A narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine.

A condition where there is abnormal muscle movement in the digestive tract.

A condition where the lining of the esophagus is damaged, often due to GERD.

Inflammation of the stomach lining.

A type of gastritis caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

A serious complication of gastritis where blood is present in the vomit.

Black, tarry stools indicating the presence of digested blood in the stool.

Fresh blood in the stool, indicating bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

A burning sensation felt in the chest, often after eating. It is a common symptom of gastritis.

A subjective feeling of fullness after eating only a small amount of food. A symptom of gastritis.

The definitive diagnostic test for gastritis. It involves examining the stomach lining with a flexible tube.

A blood test to assess anemia, which may be a consequence of gastritis.

The first part of the small intestine where PUD often occurs.

Responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach.

A common bacteria that can cause PUD by infecting the stomach lining.

A group of medications that can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of PUD.

A procedure to take a sample of stomach tissue to identify H. pylori infection.

A blood test to detect antibodies produced in response to H. pylori.

A stool test to detect H. pylori antigens.

A breath test to detect the presence of H. pylori.

The lower portion of the stomach, near the small intestine.

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus.

A painful or burning sensation in the chest, often described as heartburn.

A condition where a small, bulging pouch forms in the wall of the esophagus, often in the upper portion.

A procedure where the fundus of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to tighten the connection between the esophagus and stomach, preventing reflux.

A narrowing of the esophagus that can make swallowing difficult.

A condition where the esophagus is unable to properly move food down to the stomach, often due to a lack of muscle coordination.

A medical test that uses x-rays to visualize the shape and function of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.

A medical procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine to view the lining.