Gastrointestinal Bacterial Diseases Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Staphylococcal food poisoning?

Through contaminated food or water

Through the hands of food handlers to foodstuffs (correct)

Through direct contact with an infected person

Through airborne transmission

What is the typical duration of Bacillus cereus food poisoning?

1-6 hours

24 hours (correct)

12-24 hours

Several days

What is the primary source of Bacillus cereus food poisoning?

Unpasteurized dairy products

Fried rice and freshly made sauces (correct)

Undercooked meat

Raw vegetables

What is the primary symptom of Staphylococcal food poisoning?

Profuse vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Staphylococcal food poisoning?

Antiemetics and fluid replacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of Staphylococcal food poisoning?

Severe dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Escherichia coli infection?

The human gut Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Bacillus cereus food poisoning when viable bacteria are ingested?

Fever and watery diarrhoea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which E. coli causes disease?

By acquiring a new pathogenicity factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of travellers' diarrhoea?

Entero-toxigenic E. coli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biotypes of V. cholerae O1 is more resistant to commonly used antimicrobials?

El Tor Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Entero-pathogenic E. coli?

Mucosal attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the enterotoxin produced by V. cholerae O1?

Activating adenylate cyclase in the intestinal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for cholera?

Contaminated food and water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is not effective against E. coli?

Penicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of survival of V. cholerae in freshwater?

Up to 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the El Tor biotype of V. cholerae O1?

It is more resistant to antimicrobials Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the stool passed during cholera infection?

Clear fluid with flecks of mucus Signup and view all the answers

What is the serotype of the new classical toxigenic strain of V. cholerae discovered in Bangladesh in 1992?

O139 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in cholera patients if left untreated?

Acute circulatory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intravenous fluid for rehydration in cholera patients?

Ringer-Lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using oral rehydration solutions with resistant starch in cholera patients?

Shortens the duration of diarrhoea Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cholera sicca?

Loss of fluid into dilated bowel, killing the patient before typical gastrointestinal symptoms appear Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic feature of V. cholerae observed under dark-field microscopy?

Typical 'shooting star' motility Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Bacterial Diseases

Gastrointestinal Food Poisoning

Staphylococcal food poisoning: transmission through food handlers' hands to dairy products, cooked meats, and inappropriate storage, leading to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within 1-6 hours.
Bacillus cereus food poisoning: ingestion of pre-formed heat-stable exotoxins, causing rapid onset of vomiting and diarrhea within hours, with self-limiting symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Infection

Campylobacter jejuni infection: a common cause of diarrheal illness.
Salmonella spp. infection: a common cause of foodborne illness.
Escherichia coli infection:
- Many serotypes present in the human gut, with production of disease depending on colonization or acquisition of pathogenicity factors.
- Five clinico-pathological patterns of diarrhea associated with specific strains of E. coli.
- Travel to unfamiliar areas can lead to contact with different strains of E. coli, causing traveler's diarrhea.
- Antimicrobial agents, such as β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, can effectively inhibit E. coli growth.
Clostridium difficile infection: a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Yersinia enterocolitica infection: a common cause of foodborne illness.
Cholera (Vibriosis):
- Caused by Vibrio cholerae serotype O1, with two biotypes: classical and El Tor.
- The seventh pandemic began in 1961 and spread via the Middle East to become endemic in Africa.
- El Tor is more resistant to commonly used antimicrobials than classical Vibrio.
- A new classical toxigenic strain, serotype O139, was discovered in Bangladesh in 1992 and started a new pandemic.
- Infection spreads via contaminated water, shellfish, food, and human contact.
- Clinical features include severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, leading to shock and oliguria if left untreated.
- Diagnosis is confirmed bacteriologically, and treatment involves replacement of water and electrolytes.
Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis): a common cause of foodborne illness.

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Description

Test your knowledge on bacterial diseases affecting the gastrointestinal system, including food poisoning and infections caused by Staphylococcal, Bacillus cereus, and Campylobacter jejuni.