60 Questions
What is the cause of foodborne intoxication?
Consumption of exotoxin produced by microorganisms growing in food
How can food and water become contaminated with pathogens?
Through contact with human carriers
What is the characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus toxin that causes foodborne illness?
Heat-stable and survives cooking
What was the impact of the Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in Wisconsin (1993)?
Affected over 403,000 people and resulted in 54 deaths
What is the causative agent of amebiasis?
Entamoeba histolytica
How are mature oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis characterized?
Containing sporozoites within sporocysts
What is the most common route of transmission for amebiasis?
Fecal-oral route
What is the recommended treatment for asymptomatic amebiasis infections?
Often left untreated
What are the signs and symptoms of severe amebiasis cases?
Acute dysentery, liver abscesses
What are the favorable conditions for the maturation of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts?
Warm, moist conditions
What is the most common reservoir for the transmission of amebiasis?
Humans
What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic amebiasis infections?
Metronidazole administration with Tinidazole as an alternative
Which bacterial disease is most commonly found in areas lacking sewage treatment?
Shigellosis
Which bacterial disease causes an incubation period of 1 to 3 days and usually presents with dysentery?
Shigellosis
Which bacterial disease is caused by a Gram-negative rod closely related to Shigella and most strains ferment lactose?
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis
Which bacterial disease is primarily foodborne and has caused epidemics involving ground beef and unpasteurized milk?
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis
Which bacterial disease can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and is primarily transmitted through fecally contaminated food and water?
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis
Which bacterial disease is most effectively controlled by clean water and adequate sanitation as key measures?
Cholera
Which bacterial disease is found all over the world and is most commonly in areas lacking sewage treatment?
Shigellosis
Which bacterial disease has an FDA approved live attenuated oral vaccine intended for travelers to endemic areas?
Cholera
Which bacterial disease is primarily transmitted through anal intercourse?
Shigellosis
Which bacterial disease is caused by a pathogen that takes advantage of M cells to deliver microbes from intestinal lumen to macrophages?
Shigellosis
Which bacterial disease may cause anemia and kidney failure, often fatal, due to a toxin responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis
Which bacterial disease is primarily treated with antimicrobials and can be controlled with sanitary measures?
Shigellosis
Which bacterium is commonly found in poultry products and can cause foodborne infection if not thoroughly cooked?
Campylobacter
What can lead to bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, often transmitted through contaminated meats and unpasteurized milk?
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
What causes cholera, a severe and potentially fatal diarrheal disease?
Vibrio cholerae
What is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and vomiting?
Cholera
What can cause deadly paralytic disease and is found naturally on many foods?
Botulinum toxin
What is the main cause of transmission of diarrheal diseases?
Contaminated food or water
What is a potential treatment for diarrheal diseases?
Oral rehydration therapy
What are the characteristics of gastroenteritis?
Diarrhea, loss of appetite, and dehydration
What is the cause of most cases of cholera?
Ingestion of V. cholerae and the production of cholera toxin
What is the main characteristic of botulism?
Deadly paralytic disease
What is the primary cause of foodborne infections?
Consumption of living organisms
What is the pathogenesis of diarrheal diseases related to?
Infectious dose and disruption of fluid exchange in the intestines
What food products have been linked to Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks?
Coleslaw, non-pasteurized milk, and pork tongue in jelly
How does Listeria monocytogenes behave in refrigerated food?
It can grow, leading to thousands of infections
What is the primary cause of most cases of botulism?
Improperly processed home-canned food
How soon after ingesting toxin-contaminated food do botulism symptoms begin?
12 to 36 hours
What is the recommended action if cans of food are damaged?
Discard the damaged cans
What is the primary cause of foodborne botulism in the US?
Preserved fish or home-canned foods
What is the primary method for treating giardiasis?
Antibiotics
Which organism causes cryptosporidiosis?
Cryptosporidium hominis
What happens if municipal chlorination is used to treat water contaminated with Giardia cysts?
It does not destroy cysts, so water is generally filtered
What is the primary source of Listeria monocytogenes?
Natural waters and vegetation
What is the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant women?
It can cross the placenta, leading to widespread abscesses in fetal tissues
How does Clostridium botulinum cause paralysis?
The vegetative cells release a potent botulinum toxin that attaches to motor neurons
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can lead to severe systemic infections?
Salmonella serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi
What is a common source of contamination for Salmonella gastroenteritis?
Poultry and eggs
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can cause an autoimmune complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Campylobacter jejuni
What is a preventive measure for Listeriosis?
Avoiding certain high-risk foods
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can survive and reproduce within host cells?
Listeria monocytogenes
What is a symptom of Campylobacteriosis?
Muscle aches
What is a common source of infection for Campylobacteriosis?
Raw milk
What is an essential treatment for Salmonella gastroenteritis prevention?
Proper food handling and cooking to 160 degrees Fahrenheit
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can cause bacteremia leading to meningeal infection?
Listeria monocytogenes
What is a common symptom of Listeriosis?
Fever
What is a preventive measure for campylobacteriosis?
Proper handling of raw poultry
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can remain carriers for years in some survivors?
Salmonella serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi
Study Notes
Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections: Salmonella, Enteric Fever, Campylobacteriosis, Listeriosis
- Salmonella enterica causes more than 2,400 serotypes of gastroenteritis, with symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea.
- Salmonella often comes from nonhuman animal sources and can survive for months in soil and water, with poultry and eggs being common sources of contamination.
- Treatment for Salmonella gastroenteritis usually does not require antibiotics, but sanitary food handling and cooking to 160 degrees Fahrenheit are essential for prevention.
- Enteric fevers, caused by Salmonella serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi, have an incubation period of 1 to 4 weeks and can lead to severe systemic infections.
- Enteric fevers are spread person to person through contaminated food or water, and some survivors can remain carriers for years, necessitating antibiotics and sometimes gallbladder removal for treatment.
- Campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter jejuni, can lead to fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, with poultry and raw milk being common sources of infection.
- Campylobacteriosis can cause an autoimmune complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome and is usually treated with antibiotics in severe cases.
- Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, can be asymptomatic or cause fever, muscle aches, and meningitis, with pregnant women and infants being particularly vulnerable.
- Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can survive and reproduce within host cells, and can cause bacteremia leading to meningeal infection.
- Preventive measures for campylobacteriosis include proper handling of raw poultry, handwashing, and chlorinating drinking water, while Listeriosis can be prevented by avoiding certain high-risk foods.
- Each of these bacterial gastrointestinal infections presents unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
- Understanding the causative agents, symptoms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and preventive measures for these infections is crucial for effective management and control.
Test your knowledge of bacterial gastrointestinal infections such as Salmonella, Enteric Fever, Campylobacteriosis, and Listeriosis with this informative quiz. Explore the symptoms, sources of contamination, treatment options, and preventive measures for each infection. Enhance your understanding of these pathogens and their unique challenges in diagnosis and control.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
