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Questions and Answers
What is the cause of foodborne intoxication?
What is the cause of foodborne intoxication?
- Consumption of exotoxin produced by microorganisms growing in food (correct)
- Consumption of endospores from contaminated food
- Consumption of neurotoxin produced by anaerobic bacteria
- Consumption of toxins produced by spoilage microbes
How can food and water become contaminated with pathogens?
How can food and water become contaminated with pathogens?
- Through cross-contamination between different foods
- By passing through municipal water systems
- Through contact with human carriers (correct)
- By exposure to sunlight and air
What is the characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus toxin that causes foodborne illness?
What is the characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus toxin that causes foodborne illness?
- Sensitive to high temperatures
- Sensitive to salt and sugar
- Heat-stable and survives cooking (correct)
- Produced by anaerobic bacteria
What was the impact of the Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in Wisconsin (1993)?
What was the impact of the Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in Wisconsin (1993)?
What is the causative agent of amebiasis?
What is the causative agent of amebiasis?
How are mature oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis characterized?
How are mature oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis characterized?
What is the most common route of transmission for amebiasis?
What is the most common route of transmission for amebiasis?
What is the recommended treatment for asymptomatic amebiasis infections?
What is the recommended treatment for asymptomatic amebiasis infections?
What are the signs and symptoms of severe amebiasis cases?
What are the signs and symptoms of severe amebiasis cases?
What are the favorable conditions for the maturation of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts?
What are the favorable conditions for the maturation of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts?
What is the most common reservoir for the transmission of amebiasis?
What is the most common reservoir for the transmission of amebiasis?
What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic amebiasis infections?
What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic amebiasis infections?
Which bacterial disease is most commonly found in areas lacking sewage treatment?
Which bacterial disease is most commonly found in areas lacking sewage treatment?
Which bacterial disease causes an incubation period of 1 to 3 days and usually presents with dysentery?
Which bacterial disease causes an incubation period of 1 to 3 days and usually presents with dysentery?
Which bacterial disease is caused by a Gram-negative rod closely related to Shigella and most strains ferment lactose?
Which bacterial disease is caused by a Gram-negative rod closely related to Shigella and most strains ferment lactose?
Which bacterial disease is primarily foodborne and has caused epidemics involving ground beef and unpasteurized milk?
Which bacterial disease is primarily foodborne and has caused epidemics involving ground beef and unpasteurized milk?
Which bacterial disease can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and is primarily transmitted through fecally contaminated food and water?
Which bacterial disease can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and is primarily transmitted through fecally contaminated food and water?
Which bacterial disease is most effectively controlled by clean water and adequate sanitation as key measures?
Which bacterial disease is most effectively controlled by clean water and adequate sanitation as key measures?
Which bacterial disease is found all over the world and is most commonly in areas lacking sewage treatment?
Which bacterial disease is found all over the world and is most commonly in areas lacking sewage treatment?
Which bacterial disease has an FDA approved live attenuated oral vaccine intended for travelers to endemic areas?
Which bacterial disease has an FDA approved live attenuated oral vaccine intended for travelers to endemic areas?
Which bacterial disease is primarily transmitted through anal intercourse?
Which bacterial disease is primarily transmitted through anal intercourse?
Which bacterial disease is caused by a pathogen that takes advantage of M cells to deliver microbes from intestinal lumen to macrophages?
Which bacterial disease is caused by a pathogen that takes advantage of M cells to deliver microbes from intestinal lumen to macrophages?
Which bacterial disease may cause anemia and kidney failure, often fatal, due to a toxin responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which bacterial disease may cause anemia and kidney failure, often fatal, due to a toxin responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which bacterial disease is primarily treated with antimicrobials and can be controlled with sanitary measures?
Which bacterial disease is primarily treated with antimicrobials and can be controlled with sanitary measures?
Which bacterium is commonly found in poultry products and can cause foodborne infection if not thoroughly cooked?
Which bacterium is commonly found in poultry products and can cause foodborne infection if not thoroughly cooked?
What can lead to bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, often transmitted through contaminated meats and unpasteurized milk?
What can lead to bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, often transmitted through contaminated meats and unpasteurized milk?
What causes cholera, a severe and potentially fatal diarrheal disease?
What causes cholera, a severe and potentially fatal diarrheal disease?
What is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and vomiting?
What is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and vomiting?
What can cause deadly paralytic disease and is found naturally on many foods?
What can cause deadly paralytic disease and is found naturally on many foods?
What is the main cause of transmission of diarrheal diseases?
What is the main cause of transmission of diarrheal diseases?
What is a potential treatment for diarrheal diseases?
What is a potential treatment for diarrheal diseases?
What are the characteristics of gastroenteritis?
What are the characteristics of gastroenteritis?
What is the cause of most cases of cholera?
What is the cause of most cases of cholera?
What is the main characteristic of botulism?
What is the main characteristic of botulism?
What is the primary cause of foodborne infections?
What is the primary cause of foodborne infections?
What is the pathogenesis of diarrheal diseases related to?
What is the pathogenesis of diarrheal diseases related to?
What food products have been linked to Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks?
What food products have been linked to Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks?
How does Listeria monocytogenes behave in refrigerated food?
How does Listeria monocytogenes behave in refrigerated food?
What is the primary cause of most cases of botulism?
What is the primary cause of most cases of botulism?
How soon after ingesting toxin-contaminated food do botulism symptoms begin?
How soon after ingesting toxin-contaminated food do botulism symptoms begin?
What is the recommended action if cans of food are damaged?
What is the recommended action if cans of food are damaged?
What is the primary cause of foodborne botulism in the US?
What is the primary cause of foodborne botulism in the US?
What is the primary method for treating giardiasis?
What is the primary method for treating giardiasis?
Which organism causes cryptosporidiosis?
Which organism causes cryptosporidiosis?
What happens if municipal chlorination is used to treat water contaminated with Giardia cysts?
What happens if municipal chlorination is used to treat water contaminated with Giardia cysts?
What is the primary source of Listeria monocytogenes?
What is the primary source of Listeria monocytogenes?
What is the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant women?
What is the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant women?
How does Clostridium botulinum cause paralysis?
How does Clostridium botulinum cause paralysis?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can lead to severe systemic infections?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can lead to severe systemic infections?
What is a common source of contamination for Salmonella gastroenteritis?
What is a common source of contamination for Salmonella gastroenteritis?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can cause an autoimmune complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can cause an autoimmune complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome?
What is a preventive measure for Listeriosis?
What is a preventive measure for Listeriosis?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can survive and reproduce within host cells?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can survive and reproduce within host cells?
What is a symptom of Campylobacteriosis?
What is a symptom of Campylobacteriosis?
What is a common source of infection for Campylobacteriosis?
What is a common source of infection for Campylobacteriosis?
What is an essential treatment for Salmonella gastroenteritis prevention?
What is an essential treatment for Salmonella gastroenteritis prevention?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can cause bacteremia leading to meningeal infection?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can cause bacteremia leading to meningeal infection?
What is a common symptom of Listeriosis?
What is a common symptom of Listeriosis?
What is a preventive measure for campylobacteriosis?
What is a preventive measure for campylobacteriosis?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can remain carriers for years in some survivors?
Which bacterial gastrointestinal infection can remain carriers for years in some survivors?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections: Salmonella, Enteric Fever, Campylobacteriosis, Listeriosis
- Salmonella enterica causes more than 2,400 serotypes of gastroenteritis, with symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea.
- Salmonella often comes from nonhuman animal sources and can survive for months in soil and water, with poultry and eggs being common sources of contamination.
- Treatment for Salmonella gastroenteritis usually does not require antibiotics, but sanitary food handling and cooking to 160 degrees Fahrenheit are essential for prevention.
- Enteric fevers, caused by Salmonella serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi, have an incubation period of 1 to 4 weeks and can lead to severe systemic infections.
- Enteric fevers are spread person to person through contaminated food or water, and some survivors can remain carriers for years, necessitating antibiotics and sometimes gallbladder removal for treatment.
- Campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter jejuni, can lead to fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, with poultry and raw milk being common sources of infection.
- Campylobacteriosis can cause an autoimmune complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome and is usually treated with antibiotics in severe cases.
- Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, can be asymptomatic or cause fever, muscle aches, and meningitis, with pregnant women and infants being particularly vulnerable.
- Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can survive and reproduce within host cells, and can cause bacteremia leading to meningeal infection.
- Preventive measures for campylobacteriosis include proper handling of raw poultry, handwashing, and chlorinating drinking water, while Listeriosis can be prevented by avoiding certain high-risk foods.
- Each of these bacterial gastrointestinal infections presents unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
- Understanding the causative agents, symptoms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and preventive measures for these infections is crucial for effective management and control.
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