40 Questions
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with Mirabegron (Myrbetriq) and Vibegron?
Nasopharyngitis
What is the main contraindication for Mirabegron and Vibegron?
Uncontrolled hypertension
What is the recommended duration of use for Phenazopyridine?
2 days
What is the main adverse effect associated with Phenazopyridine?
Reddish orange urine
Which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of Mirabegron and Vibegron, leading to potential drug interactions?
CYP 3A4
Which class of drugs competitively inhibits parietal cells (H2) receptors to inhibit basal & meal stimulated acid secretion?
Antacids
Which drug class blocks the final common pathway in acid secretion by inhibiting the proton pump?
H-2 antagonists
Which drug is a central serotonin 5HT3 antagonist in the vomiting center and trigger zone?
Ondansetron
Which drug is a THC derivative and a schedule III drug used as an appetite stimulator and may be used in chemo nausea?
Dronabinol
Which drug class inhibits dopamine in the trigger zone and histamine and muscarinic receptor activation in the brain?
First gen antihistamines
What impact can antacids have on the absorption of certain drugs?
They can inhibit or decrease the absorption of certain drugs such as antibiotics and oral iron
Which drug(s) discussed in the lecture have potential anticholinergic side effects?
Oxybutynin, solifenacin
Why are phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors contraindicated with the use of nitrates?
Due to the risk of severe hypotension
What are important components of patient education for a patient starting an alpha-adrenergic antagonist for BPH?
Avoid use with other alpha blockers; change positions slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension
What are indications for the drugs listed in the above section with the exemplar list?
Indications vary for each drug and should be reviewed in the specific section for each drug
Which medication is indicated for inflammatory bowel disease?
Sulfasalazine
Which medication is a schedule V controlled medication with opioid and anticholinergic components?
Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)
Which medication is used as the first-line treatment for chronic constipation and for bowel preparation?
Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
Which medication is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for GERD, delayed gastric emptying, and gastroparesis?
Metoclopramide
Which medication is a uroselective alpha 1A receptor antagonist with specific indications, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects, requiring consideration prior to cataract surgery?
Tamsulosin
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists should be avoided if the patient is also taking alpha blockers
True
Antacids can only inhibit the absorption of certain drugs like antibiotics
False
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are contraindicated with nitrates due to the potential for hypotension
True
Oxybutynin and solifenacin are the only drugs discussed in the lecture that have potential anticholinergic side effects
False
Phenazopyridine is recommended for long-term use in patients with chronic urinary tract infections
False
Mirabegron and Vibegron are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
True
Phenazopyridine should be used for more than 2 days due to its low risk of side effects.
False
Mirabegron and Vibegron may interact with digoxin, metoprolol, antipsychotics, and amphetamines.
True
Phenazopyridine may cause rare hemolytic anemia as an adverse effect.
True
Mirabegron and Vibegron have no known drug interactions.
False
Proton pump inhibitors achieve maximum acid suppression within 24 hours of starting the medication.
False
Antacids taken on an empty stomach have a longer duration of action compared to when taken after a meal.
False
Calcium carbonate (TUMS) may interact with tetracyclines, leading to decreased effectiveness of the antibiotic.
True
Sucralfate forms a paste that binds to the upper GI tract ulcers for up to 12 hours.
False
Bismuth-based quadruple therapy for H. pylori infection involves the use of a PPI, bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, and metronidazole.
True
Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor agonist used for GERD, delayed gastric emptying, and gastroparesis.
False
Bismuth subsalicylate is contraindicated for indigestion, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea prevention.
False
Loperamide, an opioid derivative, has laxative properties and carries risks of dizziness, constipation, and cardiac effects.
True
Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) is a stimulant laxative used as the first-line treatment for chronic constipation and for bowel preparation.
False
Finasteride is used for BPH and male pattern baldness, with potential adverse effects including sexual and gastrointestinal effects.
True
Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Medications and Urological Treatments
- Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for GERD, delayed gastric emptying, and gastroparesis, but has adverse effects and contraindications.
- Bismuth subsalicylate is indicated for indigestion, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea prevention, but has potential adverse effects and contraindications, including salicylate allergy.
- Loperamide, an opioid derivative, has antisecretory properties but carries risks of dizziness, constipation, and cardiac effects, with specific contraindications and cautions.
- Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil) is a schedule V controlled medication with opioid and anticholinergic components, presenting potential adverse effects and cautions, including atropinism.
- Bulk-forming laxatives such as psyllium and docusate sodium have specific mechanisms of action, indications, and adverse effects, including the risk of obstruction and diarrhea.
- Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) is an osmotic laxative, used as the first-line treatment for chronic constipation and for bowel preparation, but carries risks of fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
- Glycerin and bisacodyl are used for intermittent constipation, with specific mechanisms of action and adverse effects, and bisacodyl is reserved for specific cases and should not be used long term.
- Sulfasalazine, a prototype ASA, is indicated for inflammatory bowel disease, with a dual molecule composition and specific mechanisms of action within the GI tract.
- Tamsulosin, a uroselective alpha 1A receptor antagonist, has specific indications, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects, requiring consideration prior to cataract surgery.
- Finasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, is used for BPH and male pattern baldness, with specific mechanisms of action and adverse effects, including sexual and gastrointestinal effects.
- Sildenafil, a PDE 5 inhibitor, is used for BPH with ED symptoms, and additional pharmacological treatments may be added as irritative symptoms develop.
- Oxybutynin and solifenacin are anticholinergic medications used for overactive bladder and incontinence, with specific mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and contraindications, including cognitive effects and narrow-angle glaucoma.
Gastrointestinal Medications and Urological Treatments
- Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for GERD, delayed gastric emptying, and gastroparesis, but has adverse effects and contraindications.
- Bismuth subsalicylate is indicated for indigestion, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea prevention, but has potential adverse effects and contraindications, including salicylate allergy.
- Loperamide, an opioid derivative, has antisecretory properties but carries risks of dizziness, constipation, and cardiac effects, with specific contraindications and cautions.
- Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil) is a schedule V controlled medication with opioid and anticholinergic components, presenting potential adverse effects and cautions, including atropinism.
- Bulk-forming laxatives such as psyllium and docusate sodium have specific mechanisms of action, indications, and adverse effects, including the risk of obstruction and diarrhea.
- Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) is an osmotic laxative, used as the first-line treatment for chronic constipation and for bowel preparation, but carries risks of fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
- Glycerin and bisacodyl are used for intermittent constipation, with specific mechanisms of action and adverse effects, and bisacodyl is reserved for specific cases and should not be used long term.
- Sulfasalazine, a prototype ASA, is indicated for inflammatory bowel disease, with a dual molecule composition and specific mechanisms of action within the GI tract.
- Tamsulosin, a uroselective alpha 1A receptor antagonist, has specific indications, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects, requiring consideration prior to cataract surgery.
- Finasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, is used for BPH and male pattern baldness, with specific mechanisms of action and adverse effects, including sexual and gastrointestinal effects.
- Sildenafil, a PDE 5 inhibitor, is used for BPH with ED symptoms, and additional pharmacological treatments may be added as irritative symptoms develop.
- Oxybutynin and solifenacin are anticholinergic medications used for overactive bladder and incontinence, with specific mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and contraindications, including cognitive effects and narrow-angle glaucoma.
Test your knowledge of gastrointestinal medications and urological treatments with this quiz. Explore the indications, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and contraindications of medications such as metoclopramide, bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide, tamsulosin, finasteride, and oxybutynin.
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