Gastroesophageal Reflux & Peptic Ulcer Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of GERD?

  • Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (correct)
  • Excessive use of NSAIDs
  • H. Pylori infection
  • Acid erosion

    • Which class of medications is used to inhibit gastric acid secretion?

  • Antacids
  • Mucosal protectants
  • Prokinetic medications
  • Histamine receptor antagonists (correct)

    • What is a potential consequence of peptic ulcer disease if left untreated?

  • Hyperemia of the esophagus
  • Improved gastric lining integrity
  • Scar tissue formation (correct)
  • Increased secretion of protective enzymes

    • Which medication is commonly associated with treating peptic ulcers due to H. Pylori infections?

    <p>Amoxicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the therapeutic effects of histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Suppress secretion of gastric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>High fiber diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs is primarily used to increase gastric emptying?

    <p>Prokinetic medications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as an antacid?

    <p>Bismuth subsalicylate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathophysiology behind gastroenteritis?

    <p>Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of action describes the function of proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole?

    <p>Inhibits the enzyme that produces gastric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Osteoporosis and fractures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic use is indicated for the drug metoclopramide?

    <p>Control of nausea and vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of the mucosal protectant, sucralfate?

    <p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary interaction concern when using antacids?

    <p>Decreased absorption of certain medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition should metoclopramide be avoided in due to the risk of exacerbating symptoms?

    <p>Parkinson's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified as a serotonin antagonist and used for treating nausea?

    <p>Zofran (ondansetron) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>Black tarry stools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic use is indicated for misoprostol?

    <p>Prevention of ulcers during long-term NSAID use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from using antidiarrheals like diphenoxylate plus atropine?

    <p>Sedation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of calcium carbonate as an antacid?

    <p>Hypercalcemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic action of antacids?

    <p>Neutralize acidity of gastric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs does scopolamine belong to, and what is its primary use?

    <p>Anticholinergic; preventing motion sickness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Inhibition of gastric acid secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is primarily used as a proton pump inhibitor?

    <p>Omeprazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Gastrointestinal infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication is commonly used to protect the lining of the stomach?

    <p>Mucosal protectants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using prokinetic medications in the context of gastrointestinal disorders?

    <p>Increasing gastric emptying (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT classified as an antiulcer agent?

    <p>Metoclopramide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect does cimetidine, a histamine receptor antagonist, primarily provide?

    <p>Suppresses gastric acid secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected therapeutic use for antacids?

    <p>To neutralize stomach acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide?

    <p>Enhances the action of acetylcholine and blocks dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of antidiarrheals like diphenoxylate plus atropine?

    <p>Blurred vision and dry mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common therapeutic use for misoprostol?

    <p>Inducing labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms do proton pump inhibitors like pantoprazole employ?

    <p>Inhibiting the enzyme that produces gastric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can occur with the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Bone fractures and osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is a purpose of antacids?

    <p>Neutralizing or reducing the acidity of gastric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an example of an H2 receptor antagonist?

    <p>Ranitidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary interaction concern when using Warfarin with medications affecting the GI tract?

    <p>Heightened risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal condition can be treated with dopamine antagonists?

    <p>Nausea associated with chemotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with the prolonged use of magnesium hydroxide as an antacid?

    <p>Hypomagnesemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic action do prokinetic agents serve?

    <p>Increase gastric emptying and control nausea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic effect of mucosal protectants like sucralfate?

    <p>Provide a protective barrier over ulcers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common drug interaction should be considered with antacids?

    <p>They decrease absorption of many medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>They block the secretion of gastric acid at the gastric parietal cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Drowsiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a prokinetic agent?

    <p>Metoclopramide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary therapeutic effect of antacids?

    <p>Neutralization of gastric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used to treat peptic ulcers caused by H. Pylori infections?

    <p>Clarithromycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drug interaction concern when using proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Reduced calcium absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is primarily used to protect the lining of the stomach?

    <p>Mucosal protectants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of the drug cimetidine?

    <p>Gynecomastia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide in treating gastrointestinal issues?

    <p>Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors in the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with the use of magnesium hydroxide as an antacid?

    <p>Hypermagnesemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect is primarily provided by proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole?

    <p>Reduces gastric acid secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to interact with digoxin and increase the risk of toxicity?

    <p>Aluminum hydroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common complication can arise from the use of prokinetic agents like metoclopramide?

    <p>Extrapyramidal symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using sucralfate as a mucosal protectant?

    <p>To protect the ulcer by forming a gel barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of using misoprostol?

    <p>Diarrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of medications can decrease the effectiveness of monitoring anticoagulant therapy with Warfarin?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary therapeutic uses of serotonin antagonists in gastrointestinal treatment?

    <p>Postoperative nausea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant side effect should be monitored while using dopamine antagonists?

    <p>Sedation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of antidiarrheals like diphenoxylate plus atropine?

    <p>Activate opioid receptors in the GI tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with the prolonged use of histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Hallucinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect do antacids provide?

    <p>Reduce acidity of gastric content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from the excessive use of opioids for gastrointestinal conditions?

    <p>Respiratory depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one action of histamine receptor antagonists on gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Suppress secretion of gastric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic effect is primarily associated with proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Reducing gastric acid secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of using antacids?

    <p>Constipation or diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication is used to treat peptic ulcers by inhibiting acid secretion?

    <p>Histamine receptor antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for prokinetic medications?

    <p>Increasing gastric motility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is commonly prescribed for H. Pylori infections?

    <p>Clarithromycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do mucosal protectants like sucralfate primarily have?

    <p>Promote mucosal healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known side effect of using NSAIDs in relation to gastrointestinal health?

    <p>Erosion of the gastric epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?

    <p>Forms a protective barrier against acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as a prostaglandin E analog?

    <p>Misoprostol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of prolonged use of magnesium hydroxide as an antacid?

    <p>Hypermagnesemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options describes a therapeutic use of metoclopramide?

    <p>Management of GERD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of the antidiarrheal diphenoxylate plus atropine?

    <p>Urinary retention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect is associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole?

    <p>Reduced gastric acid secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known for causing extrapyramidal symptoms as a side effect?

    <p>Metoclopramide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism of action do dopamine antagonists have in the context of antiemetics?

    <p>Blocking dopamine receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of calcium carbonate as an antacid?

    <p>Hypercalcemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of antiemetics like Zofran?

    <p>Prevention of postoperative nausea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's use should be avoided in patients with glaucoma due to its potential side effects?

    <p>Scopolamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication associated with the use of histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Confusion and hallucinations in older adults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibit gastric acid secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an example of an antiulcer agent?

    <p>Omeprazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is most commonly associated with the use of histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Drowsiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications works by blocking H2 receptors to reduce gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Histamine Receptor Antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of using proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Respiratory infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is commonly utilized to increase gastric emptying?

    <p>Metoclopramide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect do antacids primarily provide?

    <p>Neutralize gastric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as a mucosal protectant?

    <p>Sucralfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of sucralfate?

    <p>Forms a protective barrier on ulcer lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with the use of metoclopramide?

    <p>Sedation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?

    <p>Omeprazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant side effect associated with prolonged use of magnesium hydroxide?

    <p>Hypermagnesemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic action does misoprostol provide?

    <p>Promotes secretion of protective mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication is metoclopramide primarily associated with?

    <p>Prokinetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common interaction should be considered when using antacids?

    <p>They decrease the effectiveness of certain drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key side effect associated with calcium carbonate as an antacid?

    <p>Hypercalcemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of dopamine antagonists used for antiemetic purposes?

    <p>Block dopamine receptors in the CTZ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of antidiarrheals like diphenoxylate plus atropine?

    <p>To activate opioid receptors in the GI tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with the use of antihistamines for nausea?

    <p>Drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prostaglandin E analogs like misoprostol?

    <p>Enhance blood flow to the digestive tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a therapeutic use for histamine receptor antagonists?

    <p>Decreasing gastric acid secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect of anticholinergic antiemetics like scopolamine?

    <p>Constipation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Pylori CNS effects

    Pylori can cause lethargy, hallucinations, confusion, and restlessness, especially in older adults or those with kidney/liver issues.

    Pylori Complications

    Pylori can cause constipation, diarrhea, and nausea. Avoid spicy/acidic foods and alcohol.

    GI Bleeding (Pylori)

    Pylori can cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Dark tarry stools are a sign of upper GI bleed, lighter red stools may indicate a lower GI bleed.

    Warfarin & Histamine Receptor Antagonists

    Warfarin's effects can be altered by histamine receptor antagonists. Monitor PT INR for safety.

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    Antacids & PPI absorption

    Antacids can decrease the absorption of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If taking them together, take at least an hour apart.

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    Smoking & Histamine Receptor Antagonists

    Smoking can decrease the effectiveness of histamine receptor antagonists.

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    Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

    PPIs reduce acid production in the stomach. Examples: omeprazole, pantoprazole.

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    PPI Therapeutic Uses

    Short-term treatment of ulcers and GERD (4-8 weeks), prevent stress ulcers in emergencies.

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    Antacid Complications

    Antacids can cause rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia, GI bleeding or hypercalcemia.

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    Antacid Interactions

    Antacids can interact with other drugs such as digoxin and methotrexate.

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    Prokinetics

    They enhance gastric emptying, and can manage nausea and vomiting. Example: metoclopramide.

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    Prokinetic Complications

    Prokinetics can cause extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation or diarrhea .

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    Prokinetic Interactions

    The effects of prokinetics can be decreased by alcohol, and CNS depressants.

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    Sucralfate MOA

    Sucralfate creates a protective barrier in the stomach against ulcers.

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    Misoprostol MOA

    Misoprostol decreases acid secretion and increases protective mucus in the GI tract.

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    GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

    Retrograde flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing inflammation and potential damage.

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    Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

    A major cause of GERD, where the muscle valve between the esophagus and stomach opens inappropriately, allowing reflux.

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    Proton pump inhibitors

    Medications that reduce stomach acid production, used for GERD and ulcers.

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    Peptic ulcer disease

    Open sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by acid erosion.

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    H. Pylori

    A bacteria that can cause peptic ulcers by damaging the stomach lining.

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    Histamine receptor antagonists

    Drugs that reduce stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors, used for ulcers and GERD

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    Acid erosion

    Damage to the stomach lining due to the corrosive action of stomach acid

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    NSAID use

    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be a factor in peptic ulcer formation

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    GERD

    Backwards flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing inflammation and potential damage.

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    Lower Esophageal Sphincter

    The muscle valve between the esophagus and stomach that prevents reflux. It can relax inappropriately in GERD.

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    What is a key symptom of GI bleeding caused by H. Pylori?

    Black tarry stools (melena) are a key indicator of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

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    What are examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

    Omeprazole and pantoprazole are examples of PPIs. These are drugs that reduce acid production in the stomach.

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    Why is it important to monitor PT INR when using PPIs with Warfarin?

    PPIs can increase Warfarin levels leading to increased risk of bleeding. Monitoring PT INR helps to adjust Warfarin dosage and prevent toxicity.

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    When should you take antacids in relation to PPIs?

    Take antacids at least an hour before or after PPIs to avoid interference with absorption.

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    How does smoking affect the effectiveness of histamine receptor antagonists?

    Smoking reduces the effectiveness of histamine receptor antagonists, making them less effective in treating GERD and ulcers.

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    What are the potential complications of Antacids?

    Complications include rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia, GI bleeding, and hypercalcemia. These depend on the type of antacid.

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    What types of drugs can interact with Antacids?

    Antacids can interact with medications like Digoxin and Methotrexate, affecting their absorption.

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    How does Prokinetics work in the body?

    Prokinetics enhance gastric emptying by increasing acetylcholine action and blocking dopamine and serotonin.

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    What is the main therapeutic use of Prokinetics?

    Prokinetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting, especially after surgery, chemo therapy and GERD.

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    Why should you avoid alcohol and CNS depressants with Prokinetics?

    These substances decrease the effectiveness of Prokinetics by enhancing their sedative effects.

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    What is Sucralfate's mechanism of action?

    Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers, protecting them from acid and pepsin.

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    How does Misoprostol work?

    Misoprostol decreases acid secretion, increases bicarbonate and mucus production to protect the stomach, and promotes vasodilation.

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    What conditions might require the use of Misoprostol?

    Misoprostol is used to prevent ulcers caused by long-term NSAID use. It can also be used for labor induction.

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    What is a key feature of the drug Diphenoxylate plus Atropine in terms of its MOA?

    Diphenoxylate plus Atropine activates opioid receptors in the GI tract, decreasing motility and increasing fluid absorption.

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    Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

    A muscle valve between the esophagus and stomach that prevents acid reflux. It can relax inappropriately in GERD.

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    Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

    Open sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by acid erosion and often by H. pylori infection.

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    Antacids

    Medications that neutralize stomach acid, providing temporary relief from heartburn and indigestion.

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    Prokinetic Medications

    Drugs that increase stomach emptying and help with nausea and vomiting.

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    Warfarin & PPIs

    PPIs can increase Warfarin levels in the body, potentially leading to increased bleeding risks.

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    Antacids & PPIs

    Taking antacids at the same time as PPIs can decrease the absorption of PPIs.

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    Sucralfate

    A medication that forms a protective barrier over ulcers to protect them from acid and pepsin.

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    Misoprostol

    A medication that decreases acid production, promotes mucus production, and helps protect the stomach.

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    Antidiarrheals

    Medications that decrease intestinal motility and increase fluid absorption to reduce diarrhea.

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    Antiemetics: Serotonin Antagonists

    These block serotonin receptors in the brain, preventing nausea and vomiting.

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    Antiemetics: Dopamine Antagonists

    These block dopamine receptors in the brain, preventing nausea and vomiting.

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    Antiemetics: Anticholinergics

    These block acetylcholine receptors in the brain, reducing nausea and vomiting.

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    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

    The backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing irritation and potentially damage.

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    What are the side effects of Antacids?

    Antacids can cause rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia, GI bleeding, and hypercalcemia.

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    What is the mechanism of action of Prokinetics?

    Prokinetic medications increase acetylcholine action, block dopamine and serotonin receptors, speeding up stomach emptying.

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    What are the potential interactions with Warfarin?

    Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can increase the levels of warfarin in the body, leading to an increased risk of bleeding.

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    How do PPIs interact with Antacids?

    Antacids can decrease the absorption of PPIs, so it's best to take them at least an hour apart.

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    How does smoking affect Histamine Receptor Antagonists?

    Smoking can decrease the effectiveness of histamine receptor antagonists, making them less effective in treating GERD and ulcers.

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    Antiemetics

    Medications that prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting.

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    Study Notes

    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

    • Pathophysiology: Retrograde flow of gastrointestinal (GI) contents into the esophagus, causing inflammation.
    • Results: Hyperemia (increased blood flow), erosion (damage to the tissue), and minor bleeding.
    • Common Cause: Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
    • Pharmacology: Drugs used to treat GERD include histamine receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetic medications, antacids, and mucosal protectants.

    Peptic Ulcer Disease

    • Pathophysiology: Corrosive action of gastric acid on vulnerable esophageal lining caused by an imbalance between mucosal defenses and acid/peptic injury.
    • Causes: Acid erosion, H. Pylori bacterial infection, and NSAID use.
    • Pharmacology: Treatments include proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole), antacids, and antibiotics.

    Histamine Receptor Antagonists

    • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Block H2 receptors, suppressing gastric acid secretion.
    • Therapeutic Effects: Reduced gastric acid production and lower hydrogen ion concentration.
    • Use: Treating and preventing gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, and heartburn.
    • Complications/Side Effects: CNS effects (lethargy, hallucinations, restlessness); constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and GI bleeding.
    • Interactions: Antacids, warfarin, smoking, potentially affecting absorption with some medications.

    Proton Pump Inhibitors

    • MOA/Purpose: Inhibit the enzyme that produces gastric acid to reduce acid secretion.
    • Therapeutic Affect and Use: Short-term treatment for ulcers and GERD, prevention of stress ulcers.
    • Side Effects: Reduced acid production, reduction in gastric acid secretion.

    Antacids

    • MOA/Purpose: Neutralize or reduce the acidity, protect the mucosa.
    • Use: Alleviating symptoms of heartburn and peptic ulcers.
    • Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, hypercalcemia.
    • Interactions: Can decrease the absorption of other medications, requiring a time gap between taking antacids and other drugs.

    Prokinetics

    • MOA/Purpose: Enhance acetylcholine action, blocking dopamine and serotonin in the CNS to increase gastric emptying and control nausea/vomiting.
    • Therapeutic Effects: Increased gastric emptying; treatment of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and GERD.
    • Side Effects: Tardive dyskinesia, extrapyramidal symptoms (involuntary muscle movements), sedation, and diarrhea.

    Mucosal Protectants (Sucralfate)

    • MOA/Purpose: Acidic environment of the stomach changes medication into a protective barrier on the ulcer walls, acting as a shield to prevent further acid and pepsin breakdown.
    • Use: Acute duodenal ulcers, maintenance therapy.
    • Side Effects: Constipation, digoxin, warfarin, ciprofloxacin interactions (timing).

    Prostaglandin E Analog (Misoprostol)

    • MOA/Purpose: Decreases acid secretion, increases bicarbonate and protective mucus secretion, promoting vasodilation to damaged areas and decreasing acidity.
    • Use: Long-term NSAID use, to prevent ulcers and to induce labor

    Gastroenteritis

    • Pathophysiology: Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine lining, causing increased luminal fluid leading to depletion of intravascular fluid, malabsorption of nutrients, and symptoms like pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
    • Treatment: Antidiarrheals, antibiotics, and antiemetics.

    Hernia

    • Pathophysiology: Protrusion of intestines through an abnormal opening due to straining, lifting heavy objects, or sudden twists or pulls.

    Hemorrhoids

    • Pathophysiology: Swollen or dilated veins in the anorectal area (internal or external).
    • Treatment: Topical anesthetics (benzocaine, lidocaine), protectants/emollients (mineral oil), astringents (witch hazel), and corticosteroids.

    Muscle Strain

    • Cause: Injury to muscle tissue due to overuse, trauma, or other factors.

    Antidiarrheals

    • MOA/Purpose: Activate opioid receptors in the GI tract to decrease intestinal motility increasing fluid absorption.

    Antiemetics

    • MOA/Purpose: Blocking specific receptors, like serotonin or dopamine, preventing nausea and vomiting, including nausea associated with pregnancy/post-operative cases/and chemotherapy.

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    GI Notes 3010 Pt 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Peptic Ulcer Disease. This quiz covers the pathophysiology, causes, and pharmacological treatments associated with both conditions. Dive deep into the medical mechanisms and therapies involved.

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