Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What condition is indicated by the kidney secreting excess bicarbonate?

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Alkalosis (correct)

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with severe cases in this condition?

Confusion (correct)
Nausea and vomiting
Persistent cough
Severe headache

What investigation is used to show a 'soup dish appearance' indicating significant gastric dilation?

CT scan
Barium meal (correct)
MRI
Ultrasound

In response to hypokalemia, which electrolyte exchange occurs to maintain balance?

Hydrogen exchanged with potassium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intervention in all cases of this condition?

Surgery or intervention (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the replacement of normal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar mucosa?

Barrett’s esophagus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which complication of GERD is more likely to occur due to long-term reflux episodes?

Barrett’s esophagus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for patients with Barrett’s esophagus concerning the risk of developing adenocarcinoma?

40 times higher than normal individuals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with acute mucosal inflammation and typically seen in erosive esophagitis?

Post prandial symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of strictures in the esophagus related to GERD?

Peptic stricture due to fibrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom indicating advanced disease in a patient?

Inability to swallow saliva (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes are involved in lymphatic spread?

Cervical and abdominal celiac (D) Signup and view all the answers

What complication might result from recurrent laryngeal nerve infiltration?

Hoarseness of voice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What investigation is most sensitive for determining tumor depth?

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical sign often observed in patients with advanced carcinoma?

Malnutrition and cachexia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What procedure should be urgently performed in a middle-aged patient with dysphagia or odynophagia?

EsophagoGastroscopy (EGD) + biopsy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the prognosis of advanced disease is correct?

70% of patients die within a year (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication for staging investigations?

To assess local invasion and metastases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common timeframe for ulcers to heal with proper treatment?

8–12 weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which substances should be eliminated to aid in the treatment of duodenal ulcers?

Ethanol, tobacco, and NSAIDs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the triple therapy for eradication of H.pylori?

Bismuth compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a main disadvantage of medical treatment for duodenal ulcers?

High rate of recurrence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which is an indication for surgical treatment of gastric ulcers?

Intractability with no healing after 3 months (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a strategy to prevent ulcer relapse?

Interval therapy or maintenance therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main surgical options for a patient with chronic duodenal ulcers?

Surgery for perforation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of quadruple therapy for H.pylori eradication?

Bismuth compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is considered the gold standard for diagnosing GERD and NERD?

24 Hours esophageal pH studies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What must be excluded before diagnosing GERD via upper endoscopy?

Hiatal hernia (A), Esophageal cancer (C), Eosinophilic esophagitis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for providing palliative treatment?

Systemic advanced disease with metastases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a low pH reading in 24-hour pH studies for diagnosing GERD?

Low pH < 4 in episodes > one hour (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method has no role in diagnosing GERD?

Barium swallow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What surgical approach is associated with performing a three-stage esophagectomy?

Right thoracotomy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of esophageal manometry in the context of GERD?

To assess low LES pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a one-field oesophago-gastric resection be indicated?

Very low tumors (Siewert type I) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of the neoadjuvant therapy plus curative approach?

Esophagectomy surgery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative result of upper endoscopy when diagnosing NERD?

20-40% negative results (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is impedance pH metry included in the diagnostic approach for GERD?

To differentiate between acidic and alkaline reflux (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which incision is used to mobilize the cervical esophagus in the treatment of cervical esophageal cancer?

Left cervical incision (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of alarm symptoms indicate in a patient with chronic GERD?

Need for upper endoscopy with biopsy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What technique is commonly used for the best palliation in palliative treatment?

Endoscopic Stenting with self-expandable metallic stent (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications would most likely require bad general condition for a surgical intervention?

Severe malnutrition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of esophagectomy is indicated for lesions below the carina?

Two-stage esophagectomy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Erosive Esophagitis

Erosive esophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the esophagus caused by GERD. It occurs when stomach acid repeatedly irritates the esophageal lining, leading to damage and ulceration.

Esophageal Stricture

A narrowing of the esophagus caused by scar tissue formation due to chronic acid reflux. It makes it difficult to swallow.

Barrett's Esophagus (BE)

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition where the normal lining of the lower esophagus is replaced by a different type of lining similar to the stomach or intestines. It's a precancerous condition, meaning it can increase the risk of esophageal cancer over time.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

A lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a ring of muscle that helps to prevent stomach acid from flowing back up into the esophagus.