Gastritis and Esophagitis Quiz

Study Notes

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Causes:
- Infection (H. pylori, viruses, bacteria)
- Autoimmune disorders
- Irritants (alcohol, NSAIDs, aspirin)
- Physical stress
Types:
- Acute gastritis: sudden, self-limiting
- Chronic gastritis: persistent, may lead to atrophy and metaplasia
Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
Diagnosis:
- Endoscopy with biopsy
- Urea breath test (H. pylori)

Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa
Causes:
- GERD
- Infections (Candida, herpes)
- Radiation therapy
- Pill esophagitis
Symptoms:
- Dysphagia
- Odynophagia
- Chest pain
- Heartburn
Diagnosis:
- Endoscopy with biopsy
- Barium swallow

Backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus
Causes:
- Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
- Hiatus hernia
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
Symptoms:
- Heartburn
- Regurgitation
- Dysphagia
- Chest pain
Diagnosis:
- Endoscopy with biopsy
- Ambulatory acid probe
- Esophageal manometry

Bacterial infection of the gastric mucosa
Causes:
- Ingestion of contaminated food and water
- Person-to-person transmission
Symptoms:
- Asymptomatic (most cases)
- Gastritis
- Peptic ulcer disease
Diagnosis:
- Urea breath test
- Stool antigen test
- Endoscopy with biopsy
Treatment:
- Antibiotics
- PPIs
- Bismuth-containing compounds

Ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer)
Causes:
- H. pylori infection
- NSAID use
- Stress
Symptoms:
- Epigastric pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Melena (black tarry stools)
- Hematemesis (vomiting blood)
Diagnosis:
- Endoscopy with biopsy
- Upper GI series with barium
Treatment:
- Antibiotics (H. pylori eradication)
- PPIs
- H2 blockers
- Avoidance of NSAIDs

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa causes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
Causes of gastritis include infection (H. pylori, viruses, bacteria), autoimmune disorders, irritants (alcohol, NSAIDs, aspirin), and physical stress.
There are two types of gastritis: acute gastritis, which is sudden and self-limiting, and chronic gastritis, which is persistent and may lead to atrophy and metaplasia.
Diagnosis is made through endoscopy with biopsy and urea breath test (for H. pylori).

Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa causes dysphagia, odynophagia, chest pain, and heartburn.
Causes of esophagitis include GERD, infections (Candida, herpes), radiation therapy, and pill esophagitis.
Diagnosis is made through endoscopy with biopsy and barium swallow.

Backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus causes heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, and chest pain.
Causes of GERD include incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), hiatus hernia, obesity, and pregnancy.
Diagnosis is made through endoscopy with biopsy, ambulatory acid probe, and esophageal manometry.

Bacterial infection of the gastric mucosa causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
Causes of H. pylori infection include ingestion of contaminated food and water and person-to-person transmission.
Symptoms of H. pylori infection are often asymptomatic, but can include gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
Diagnosis is made through urea breath test, stool antigen test, and endoscopy with biopsy.
Treatment includes antibiotics, PPIs, and bismuth-containing compounds.

Ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer) cause epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, melena (black tarry stools), and hematemesis (vomiting blood).
Causes of PUD include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and stress.
Diagnosis is made through endoscopy with biopsy and upper GI series with barium.
Treatment includes antibiotics (H. pylori eradication), PPIs, H2 blockers, and avoidance of NSAIDs.