Gastric Secretion Cephalic Phase Quiz

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What triggers substantial release of gastrin and activates stretch receptors in the stomach?

Vagal input

Buffering of gastric acidity

Enteric nerve endings

Physical presence of the meal (correct)

What is the key mechanism for terminating gastric secretion after the meal moves into the small intestine?

Activation of stretch receptors

Buffering of gastric acidity

Vagal input

Release of somatostatin (correct)

What do the pancreatic juice enzymes aid in?

Major importance in digestion (correct)

Activating stretch receptors

Supplying energy to mitochondria

Neutralizing gastric acidity

What is the primary stimulus for the secretion of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

Fat in the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates insulin secretion when administered at blood levels comparable to those produced by oral glucose?

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) Signup and view all the answers

Where is somatostatin primarily secreted from?

Pancreatic islets Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for the secretion of somatostatin?

Acid in the lumen Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important action of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

Inhibits gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

Where is cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted from?

Endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased secretion of the hormone have on acid secretion?

Increases acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary control for salivary secretion?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of saliva in aiding speech?

Facilitates movements of the lips and tongue Signup and view all the answers

Why is saliva important in keeping the mouth and teeth clean?

It contains enzymes that break down food particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant phase of gastric secretion?

Gastric phase Signup and view all the answers

What role does the sympathetic nervous system play in salivary secretion?

It has little influence on salivary secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative proportion of proteinaceous and mucinous components in saliva determined by?

The relative number of serous and mucous salivary acinar cells Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of food from the stomach into the duodenum?

Controlled, steady rate of release Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

The stomach readies itself to receive the meal influenced by food preferences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile acids in the body?

To aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the golden yellow color of bile?

Bilirubin and biliverdin Signup and view all the answers

What is the enterohepatic circulation related to?

Recycling of components of bile Signup and view all the answers

How are bile acids synthesized?

From cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What triggers endocrine regulation of gastrointestinal function?

Release of hormones by triggers associated with the meal Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bile aids in alkaline electrolyte balance?

Bile acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily secretion of bile in milliliters (mL)?

500 mL Signup and view all the answers

What represents the only route by which the body can dispose of cholesterol?

Bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal physiologic action of gastrin?

Stimulation of the growth of the mucosa of the stomach and intestines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of gastrin secretion?

The presence of products of protein digestion in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acid in the antrum on gastrin secretion?

Inhibition of gastrin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What are the principal actions of somatostatin in relation to gastrin secretion?

Inhibition of gastrin secretion and activation of gastric acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

Where are G cells, responsible for producing gastrin, located?

In the antral portion of the gastric mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physiological function of paracrine mediators that are not stable enough to persist in the bloodstream?

To alter the function of cells in the local area where they are released Signup and view all the answers

What comprises both sensory and secretomotor neurons in the intestinal system?

Enteric nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of motilin?

Contraction of smooth muscle in the stomach and intestines between meals Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the only one to stimulate insulin secretion when administered at blood levels comparable to those produced by oral glucose?

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physiological function of somatostatin?

Inhibition of the secretion of gastrin, VIP, GIP, secretin, and motilin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for salivary secretion?

Parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of saliva in aiding speech?