Gastric Secretion Cephalic Phase Activation Quiz

What stimulates the secretion of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

Which hormone stimulates insulin secretion when administered at blood levels comparable to those produced by oral glucose?

What is the effect of somatostatin on the secretion of gastrin?

Which hormone is responsible for producing contractions in smooth muscle in the stomach and intestines between meals?

What type of receptors does motilin act on in the duodenum and colon?

Which hormone's secretion is stimulated by acid in the lumen and inhibits the secretion of gastrin?

What triggers substantial release of gastrin and activates stretch receptors in the stomach?

What enzyme is responsible for moving H+ ions out of parietal cells?

Which phase activates 'vago-vagal' and local reflexes that amplify secretion during gastric secretion?

What is the key mechanism that terminates gastric secretion after a meal moves into the small intestine?

What is the major function of pancreatic juice?

Which cell in the stomach is packed with mitochondria to supply energy for proton pump activity?

What is the main reason for the alkaline feature of saliva?

Which gland secretes saliva that is hypotonic compared with plasma?

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system plays the most prominent role in controlling salivary secretion?

What is the primary function of saliva in relation to taste buds?

During which phase does the stomach significantly add digestive juices to the meal?

How does sympathetic branch input affect the composition of saliva?

What is the main action of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the body?

Where is cholecystokinin (CCK) primarily secreted from?

What effect does CCK have on the gallbladder?

How does CCK influence acid secretion in the body?

Where is CCK also found, besides the intestinal mucosa?

What stimulates the increased secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

What is the primary route by which the body disposes of cholesterol?

Which components of bile are responsible for its golden yellow color?

What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?

What is the process by which some components of bile are reabsorbed in the intestine and excreted again by the liver?

Which modality for gastrointestinal regulation involves the release of hormones associated with a meal?

What substance in bile resembles pancreatic juice and contains bile acids and bile pigments?

What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?

Which organ does NOT secrete substances that aid in digestion along the gastrointestinal tract?

Which gland produces saliva for initial digestion of starch?

What does saliva primarily mediate the digestion of?

Which segment of the gastrointestinal tract has a substantial surface area crucial for absorption?

Where do glandular structures mainly deliver secretions into the lumen along the length of the intestine?

What is the primary function of intrinsic factor in gastric secretion?

Which cells in the stomach are responsible for producing pepsinogens and gastric lipase?

What is the role of gastrin in gastric secretion?

Which hormone acts as a trigger of parietal cell secretion by binding to H2-receptors?

What is the precursor of pepsin, an enzyme that initiates protein digestion?

Which of the following glands in the stomach contains parietal cells and chief cells?

What is the principal physiologic action of gastrin?

How is gastrin secretion affected by the presence of amino acids in the stomach?

What is the role of acid in the antrum with regard to gastrin secretion?

What is the function of enteric nervous system in the intestinal system?

How do some mediators differ from stable hormones in their mode of action?

Which factor does NOT influence gastrin secretion?

How is the secretion of pancreatic juice primarily controlled?

What consequences can result from the activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas?

Why are most digestive enzymes released in inactive forms by the pancreas?

What is the role of tryptin inhibitor secreted by the pancreas?

Which substance is NOT involved in neutralizing gastric acid by pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juices?

What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?

What is the role of secretin in digestion?

How does the release of secretin by acid illustrate feedback control?

Where is secretin primarily secreted from?

What triggers the increased secretion of secretin?

What is a unique characteristic of secretin's metabolism?

How does secretin contribute to digestion?

What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the body?

Where is cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted from?

Which of the following is NOT an action of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

What stimulates the increased secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

Which hormone is found in nerves in the distal ileum and colon, besides being secreted by endocrine cells?

What is the key mechanism that terminates gastric secretion after a meal moves into the small intestine?

What initiates substantial release of gastrin and activates stretch receptors in the stomach?

What is the primary function of the pancreatic juice?

What is the role of mitochondria in gastric parietal cells?

What is released into the bloodstream along with protons from parietal cells?

What triggers the 'vago-vagal' as well as local reflexes that amplify secretion during the gastric phase?

What is the primary route for disposing of cholesterol in the body?

Which component is responsible for the golden yellow color of bile?

What represents the most important component of bile when considering it as a digestive secretion?

What is the process by which some components of bile are reabsorbed in the intestine and excreted again by the liver?

Which modality is NOT involved in gastrointestinal regulation according to the text?

Which gastrointestinal modality involves the release of hormones that travel through the bloodstream to affect distant segments of the tract?

What is the primary mode of action for some mediators that differ from stable hormones?

What is the primary factor that influences gastrin secretion?

How is gastrin secretion affected by the rate of discharge of the vagus nerves?

Which cells in the stomach directly produce gastrin?

What is the primary effect of acid in the antrum on gastrin secretion?

Which factor is NOT involved in regulating gastrin secretion through a negative feedback loop?

What is the role of ghrelin in the gastrointestinal system?

Which nerve plexus is primarily concerned with motor control in the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the function of Substance P in the gastrointestinal system?

Why is the enteric nervous system sometimes referred to as the 'little brain'?

Which gastrointestinal peptide is primarily secreted by the stomach and affects food intake regulation?

How are the myenteric plexus and submucous plexus different in their location within the gastrointestinal tract?

Gastrin is primarily secreted by D cells in the antral portion of the gastric mucosa.

The enteric nervous system controls only the sensory functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Acid in the antrum stimulates gastrin secretion solely through direct action on somatostatin.

Blood borne factors have no effect on gastrin secretion.

Parietal cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates insulin secretion when administered at blood levels similar to those produced by fructose.

The primary physiological action of gastrin is the inhibition of pepsin secretion.

Chief cells in the stomach produce pepsin and gastric lipase.

Gastrin is a hormone released by D cells in the antrum of the stomach.

Histamine triggers parietal cell secretion by binding to H1-receptors.

Intrinsic factor is important for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Lipase in the stomach initiates the digestion of dietary proteins.

Acetylcholine released from enteric nerve endings in the fundus primarily stimulates parietal and chief cells.

Gastric secretion during the cephalic phase is predominantly activated by vagal input.

Stretch receptors in the stomach provoke vago-vagal as well as local reflexes that inhibit secretion during the gastric phase.

Parietal cells contain mitochondria that supply energy to drive the apical H+/K+/ATPase that moves H+ ions into the parietal cell.

The release of protons by parietal cells is not accompanied by the release of bicarbonate ions into the bloodstream.

Pancreatic juice does not contain enzymes that are of major importance in digestion.

Ghrelin is primarily secreted by the intestine.

Substance P is found only in nerve cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

The enteric nervous system contains fewer neurons than the spinal cord.

The myenteric plexus is primarily involved in sensory control.

The enteric nervous system cannot function autonomously without connections to the CNS.

Submucous plexus is located between the outer longitudinal muscle layer and the mucosa.

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is the only hormone that stimulates insulin secretion when administered at blood levels similar to those produced by oral glucose.

Somatostatin 14 and somatostatin 28 are both forms of somatostatin and both are secreted.

Motilin stimulates the relaxation of smooth muscle in the stomach and intestines during the period between meals.

Somatostatin secretion is stimulated by glucose and fat in the duodenum.

Gastrin, CCK, secretin, and glucagon all stimulate insulin secretion when administered at blood levels comparable to those produced by oral glucose.

Motilin acts on G-protein–coupled receptors on enteric neurons in the colon to stimulate motility during digestion.

Saliva is hypertonic compared with plasma.

The sympathetic branch has a significant influence on the volume of saliva produced.

Parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system plays the most prominent role in controlling salivary secretion.

Gastric secretion is primarily controlled by hormonal factors.

The stomach readies itself to receive the meal during the cephalic phase after taking in the meal.

Intestinal phase of gastric secretion is the most quantitatively significant phase.

Saliva is produced by two pairs of salivary glands that drain into the oral cavity.

Saliva contains amylase, which primarily mediates the digestion of proteins.

The gastrointestinal tract encountered by a meal includes, in order, the colon before the stomach.

The primary function of the gastrointestinal tract is to eliminate waste products from the body.

The parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are encountered by the meal include the liver and spleen.

Glandular structures deliver secretions into the lumen particularly in the stomach and large intestine.

The majority of digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice are released in their active forms.

The pancreas secretes a trypsin inhibitor to prevent the activation of enzymes that could digest itself.

Bile, an important secretion for gastrointestinal function, originates from the pancreas.

Bile acids play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of proteins.

Pancreatic juice is primarily under neural control rather than hormonal control.

Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin C.

Bile is the only route by which the body can dispose of cholesterol.

Bile pigments are responsible for the dark green color of bile.

Bile acids are synthesized from proteins and secreted into the bile.

Endocrine regulation of gastrointestinal functions involves hormones traveling through the lymphatic system.

The pancreas plays a vital role in endocrine regulation during digestion.

The release of hormones by triggers associated with a meal is an example of endocrine regulation.

Substance P is mainly secreted by the pancreas and stimulates growth hormone secretion.

The enteric nervous system can function autonomously without connections to the central nervous system.

The enteric nervous system is sometimes referred to as the 'big brain' due to its complexity.

Ghrelin, primarily secreted by the stomach, plays a key role in controlling food intake.

The myenteric plexus innervates the outer longitudinal muscle layers and is primarily involved in sensory function.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits gallbladder contraction and the absorption of glucose.