Gastric Mucosa and Its Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two mechanisms of liver injury in viral hepatitis?

  1. Direct cellular injury, 2. Immune response

Name an example of an acid-neutralizing drug mentioned in the text.

H2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine)

Provide an example of a mucosal protective agent.

Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol)

What is the main action of H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of ulcers?

<p>Block gastric acid secretions stimulated by histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is used in Pylori treatment along with two antibiotics and bismuth?

<p>Proton pump inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of saliva?

<p>Protection and lubrication, antimicrobial action, digestion of dietary starches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are part of gastrointestinal hormones?

<p>Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of glands in the stomach mucosa?

<p>Oxyntic glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract controlled?

<p>By neural influences (parasympathetic and sympathetic), local influences (pH and osmolality), and humoral influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily fluid secretion into the gastrointestinal tract and how much is reabsorbed?

<p>7000 ml secreted, 50 to 200 ml leaves the body in stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits gastric acid secretion, gastric mobility, and gastric emptying?

<p>Gastric inhibitory peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the manifestations of the prodromal phase of viral antigen immune response?

<p>Malaise, sever anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, chills, fever, myalgia, arthralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the icterus phase of the viral antigen immune response.

<p>Jaundice (accumulation of bilirubin), liver tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hepatic cirrhosis?

<p>Replacement of normal liver tissue with diffuse fibrosis disrupting structure and function of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of cirrhosis?

<p>Ascites (fluid retention in the abdominal cavity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what hepatic encephalopathy is and its cause.

<p>Confusion and coma due to the liver's inability to convert ammonia to urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

<p>Moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells?

<p>Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the gastric mucosa be damaged by aspirin and NSAIDs?

<p>Aspirin and NSAIDs disrupt the impermeability of the gastric mucosa, allowing hydrogen ions to move into the tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protects the gastric mucosal surface from damage?

<p>Prostaglandins protect the mucosal surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors that increase gastric secretion?

<p>Parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve), gastrin, and histamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of secretions do Brunner's glands in the duodenum secrete?

<p>Brunner's glands secrete a large amount of alkaline mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of secretions produced by the intestinal mucosa to aid absorption?

<ol> <li>Serous fluid which acts as a vehicle for absorption. 2. Surface enzymes like peptidase and disaccharidase that aid absorption.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Billary cirrhosis?

<p>Alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiency, exposure to chemicals and infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the stellate cell play in the development of cirrhosis?

<p>Stellate cell activation leads to obstruction of blood flow in the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of Billary cirrhosis?

<p>Intermittent jaundice, fever, enlarged hard irregular liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes compensated liver cirrhosis from decompensated cirrhosis?

<p>Compensated cirrhosis presents with mild symptoms like reddened palms, while decompensated cirrhosis results in severe symptoms like ascites and jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process by which the liver attempts to cope with bile duct obstruction in Billary cirrhosis.

<p>The liver forms new bile channels due to overgrowth in an attempt to compensate for occluded bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis?

<p>Ascites, jaundice, weakness, weight loss, clubbing of fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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