Gastric Mucosa and Its Functions Quiz

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What are the two mechanisms of liver injury in viral hepatitis?

Direct cellular injury, 2. Immune response

Name an example of an acid-neutralizing drug mentioned in the text.

H2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine)

Provide an example of a mucosal protective agent.

Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol)

What is the main action of H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of ulcers?

Block gastric acid secretions stimulated by histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is used in Pylori treatment along with two antibiotics and bismuth?

Proton pump inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of saliva?

Protection and lubrication, antimicrobial action, digestion of dietary starches Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are part of gastrointestinal hormones?

Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of glands in the stomach mucosa?

Oxyntic glands Signup and view all the answers

How is the secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract controlled?

By neural influences (parasympathetic and sympathetic), local influences (pH and osmolality), and humoral influences Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily fluid secretion into the gastrointestinal tract and how much is reabsorbed?

7000 ml secreted, 50 to 200 ml leaves the body in stool Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits gastric acid secretion, gastric mobility, and gastric emptying?

Gastric inhibitory peptide Signup and view all the answers

What are the manifestations of the prodromal phase of viral antigen immune response?

Malaise, sever anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, chills, fever, myalgia, arthralgia Signup and view all the answers

Describe the icterus phase of the viral antigen immune response.

Jaundice (accumulation of bilirubin), liver tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hepatic cirrhosis?

Replacement of normal liver tissue with diffuse fibrosis disrupting structure and function of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of cirrhosis?

Ascites (fluid retention in the abdominal cavity) Signup and view all the answers

Explain what hepatic encephalopathy is and its cause.

Confusion and coma due to the liver's inability to convert ammonia to urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells?

Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Signup and view all the answers

How can the gastric mucosa be damaged by aspirin and NSAIDs?

Aspirin and NSAIDs disrupt the impermeability of the gastric mucosa, allowing hydrogen ions to move into the tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What protects the gastric mucosal surface from damage?

Prostaglandins protect the mucosal surface. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors that increase gastric secretion?

Parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve), gastrin, and histamine. Signup and view all the answers

What type of secretions do Brunner's glands in the duodenum secrete?

Brunner's glands secrete a large amount of alkaline mucus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of secretions produced by the intestinal mucosa to aid absorption?

<ol> <li>Serous fluid which acts as a vehicle for absorption. 2. Surface enzymes like peptidase and disaccharidase that aid absorption.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Billary cirrhosis?

Alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiency, exposure to chemicals and infectious agents Signup and view all the answers

What role does the stellate cell play in the development of cirrhosis?

Stellate cell activation leads to obstruction of blood flow in the circulation Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of Billary cirrhosis?

Intermittent jaundice, fever, enlarged hard irregular liver Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes compensated liver cirrhosis from decompensated cirrhosis?

Compensated cirrhosis presents with mild symptoms like reddened palms, while decompensated cirrhosis results in severe symptoms like ascites and jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process by which the liver attempts to cope with bile duct obstruction in Billary cirrhosis.

The liver forms new bile channels due to overgrowth in an attempt to compensate for occluded bile ducts Signup and view all the answers

What are the main symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis?

Ascites, jaundice, weakness, weight loss, clubbing of fingers Signup and view all the answers