Gastric Juice Secretion Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism that regulates gastric secretion?

  • Hormonal feedback mechanism
  • Positive feedback mechanism (correct)
  • Neuroendocrine mechanism
  • Negative feedback mechanism

    • What is the role of pepsin in the stomach?

  • To break down proteins into smaller peptides (correct)
  • To activate gastric glands to increase secretion
  • To break down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides
  • To break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

    • What is the effect of increased sympathetic action potentials on gastric secretion?

  • It increases stomach motility
  • It decreases gastric secretion (correct)
  • It increases gastric secretion
  • It has no effect on gastric secretion

    • What is the role of intrinsic factor in digestion?

    <p>To facilitate the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on gastric secretion?

    <p>It decreases gastric secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rennin in the stomach?

    <p>Curdles milk proteins, keeping them in the stomach longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones stimulates the pancreas to produce juice rich in digestive enzymes?

    <p>Cholecystokinin (CCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the stomach absorb water and minerals?

    <p>To maintain the body's overall water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the accessory pancreatic duct?

    <p>To allow pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum independent of bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastric lipase?

    <p>To break down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pyloric sphincter in the stomach?

    <p>To constrict and close the stomach outlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the semi-liquid substance formed by the action of gastric juice on food in the stomach?

    <p>Chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

    <p>Absorbing vitamins and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the stomach lining is able to stretch as it fills with food?

    <p>Gastric rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lingual lipase in the oral cavity?

    <p>Hydrolysis of triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in the digestive process?

    <p>To prevent regurgitation of stomach contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal site of pepsin digestion in the digestive tract?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of absorption for vitamin B12 in the digestive tract?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones plays a key role in regulating gastric secretion and motility?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which gastric secretions are controlled?

    <p>Hormonal regulation through the release of gastrin and cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion occurs in the stomach, where proteins are broken down into smaller peptides?

    <p>Chemical digestion via pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the movement of food through the stomach during digestion?

    <p>Peristalsis, where the stomach contracts and relaxes in a wave-like manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of vitamin B12 absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a key role in regulating the digestion of proteins in the stomach?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the digestive system?

    <p>To increase the surface area of food for chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of digestive enzymes in the digestion process?

    <p>To speed up the breakdown of complex nutrient molecules into absorbable molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for the majority of mechanical digestion?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the accessory organs in the digestive system?

    <p>To aid in the digestion process through mechanical and chemical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the digestive tract in humans?

    <p>6 m (20 ft)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscular layer in the wall of the digestive tract?

    <p>Mixing and propulsion of luminal contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ringlike contractions followed by relaxation at multiple places along the digestive tract?

    <p>Segmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cheeks in the digestive system?

    <p>Formation of facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement that propels food along the digestive tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lips?

    <p>Speech production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inner lining of the cheeks composed of?

    <p>Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the palate in the mouth?

    <p>Surrounding the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hollow space within the digestive tract through which food passes?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers make up the wall of the digestive tract?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tongue in the mouth?

    <p>Speech production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Overview

    • The digestive system consists of the digestive tract and accessory organs, extending from the esophagus to the anus.
    • The hollow space within the canal through which food passes is called the lumen.
    • The wall of the digestive tract consists of four layers: serosa, muscular layer, submucosa, and mucosa.

    Mouth Functions

    • The mouth performs three main functions: intake of food (ingestion), mechanical digestion, and chemical digestion.
    • The mouth is surrounded by the cheeks, palate, and tongue.

    Cheeks

    • The cheeks form the lateral walls of the mouth.
    • The outer surfaces of the cheeks are covered with skin, and the inner surface is lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
    • The cheeks help hold food in the mouth, and contraction of muscles within them help produce facial expressions.

    Stomach Structure and Function

    • The stomach is located below the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity.
    • The stomach has four subdivisions: cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part.
    • The pyloric sphincter is a thickened ring of circular smooth muscle cells that constricts to close the stomach outlet and relaxes to allow food to pass into the duodenum.
    • The stomach has several specializations, including a muscular layer that allows it to mix food with gastric secretions, a thicker mucosa, and numerous gastric pits that receive secretions from gastric glands.

    Gastric Juice and Gastric Glands

    • Gastric juice is secreted by the gastric glands, which contain mucous neck cells, parietal cells, and chief cells.
    • Mucous neck cells secrete mucus to protect the mucosa from digestive secretions.
    • Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.
    • Chief cells secrete digestive enzymes such as pepsinogen, gastric lipase, and rennin.
    • Gastric juice converts food into chyme, a semiliquid substance, which is released intermittently into the duodenum through the pyloric sphincter.

    Control of Gastric Secretion

    • Gastric secretion is under neural and hormonal control.
    • Parasympathetic action potentials increase with food stimuli and stimulate gastric glands to increase secretion of gastric juice.
    • Gastrin, a hormone, is secreted by stomach cells and stimulates gastric gland secretion.

    Pancreas

    • The pancreas is located behind the pyloric part of the stomach and has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
    • The pancreatic duct collects pancreatic juice, which is transported to the duodenum, where it neutralizes acidic chyme.

    Control of Pancreatic Secretion

    • Pancreatic secretion is controlled by both neural and hormonal mechanisms.
    • Secretin, released by intestinal mucosa in response to acidic chyme, causes the pancreas to produce juice rich in bicarbonate ions.
    • Cholecystokinin (CCK), secreted by intestinal mucosa in response to lipid-rich chyme, stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes.

    Digestion by Pancreatic Enzymes

    • Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch and glycogen into maltose.
    • Pancreatic enzymes break down proteins into peptides and amino acids, and lipids into fatty acids and monoglycerides.

    Other Organs and Processes

    • The pharynx is a passageway connecting the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx.
    • The esophagus is a muscular tube that uses peristalsis to propel food toward the stomach.
    • The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) guards the junction of the stomach and esophagus and relaxes to allow food into the stomach.

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    Related Documents

    Digestive System Part 1 PDF

    Description

    Learn about the mechanisms that regulate the secretion of gastric juice in the stomach, including the role of parasympathetic action potentials, food stimuli, and hormones. Test your knowledge on how the body prepares for digestion.

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