Gastric Carcinoma Histologic Subtypes and Risk Factors

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What is the main cause of diverticulosis?

Low fiber diet (correct)

Excessive fiber intake

Genetic predisposition

Old age

Which part of the colon is most commonly affected by diverticulosis?

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Sigmoid colon (correct)

Rectum

What are the common clinical features of diverticulosis?

Constant diarrhea

Intermittent cramping (correct)

Upper abdominal pain

Right lower quadrant pain

Which demographic group is diverticulosis most common in?

People in Western countries Signup and view all the answers

What complications can arise from obstructed diverticula?

Peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

Why is diverticulosis less common in Japan and developing countries?

High fiber diet Signup and view all the answers

Which histologic subtype of malignant epithelial neoplasm is characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression?

Diffuse-type Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of malignant epithelial neoplasm tends to predominate in high-risk areas like Japan and East Europe?

Intestinal-type Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of malignant epithelial neoplasm has a relatively uniform incidence across countries and no clearly identified precursor lesions?

Diffuse-type Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor commonly associated with diffuse-type malignant epithelial neoplasms?

Multifocal mucosal atrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutation is strongly associated with familial diffuse-type gastric cancer?

CDH1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanism leading to decreased E-cadherin expression in sporadic diffuse-type gastric tumors?

Hypermethylation and silencing of the CDH1 promoter Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with BRCA2 mutations are at increased risk of developing which type of gastric cancer?

Diffuse gastric cancer Signup and view all the answers

What mutations are strongly associated with increased signaling via the Wnt pathway in gastric cancer?

Loss-of-function mutations in APC and gain-of-function mutations in b-catenin Signup and view all the answers

Chronic inflammation promotes gastric neoplasia by genetic variants of genes encoding all EXCEPT:

EGFR Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutations are found in the majority of sporadic gastric cancers of both diffuse and intestinal types?

TP53 mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor affects the risk of gastric cancer due to H.pylori infection?

Exposure to preserved foods Signup and view all the answers

What genetic variants are associated with an elevated risk of gastric cancer when accompanied by H.pylori infection?

Genes encoding proinflammatory and immune response proteins Signup and view all the answers