Gastric Carcinoma Histologic Subtypes and Risk Factors
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of diverticulosis?

  • Low fiber diet (correct)
  • Excessive fiber intake
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Old age
  • Which part of the colon is most commonly affected by diverticulosis?

  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Sigmoid colon (correct)
  • Rectum
  • What are the common clinical features of diverticulosis?

  • Constant diarrhea
  • Intermittent cramping (correct)
  • Upper abdominal pain
  • Right lower quadrant pain
  • Which demographic group is diverticulosis most common in?

    <p>People in Western countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complications can arise from obstructed diverticula?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diverticulosis less common in Japan and developing countries?

    <p>High fiber diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histologic subtype of malignant epithelial neoplasm is characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression?

    <p>Diffuse-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of malignant epithelial neoplasm tends to predominate in high-risk areas like Japan and East Europe?

    <p>Intestinal-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of malignant epithelial neoplasm has a relatively uniform incidence across countries and no clearly identified precursor lesions?

    <p>Diffuse-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor commonly associated with diffuse-type malignant epithelial neoplasms?

    <p>Multifocal mucosal atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene mutation is strongly associated with familial diffuse-type gastric cancer?

    <p>CDH1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism leading to decreased E-cadherin expression in sporadic diffuse-type gastric tumors?

    <p>Hypermethylation and silencing of the CDH1 promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with BRCA2 mutations are at increased risk of developing which type of gastric cancer?

    <p>Diffuse gastric cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mutations are strongly associated with increased signaling via the Wnt pathway in gastric cancer?

    <p>Loss-of-function mutations in APC and gain-of-function mutations in b-catenin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammation promotes gastric neoplasia by genetic variants of genes encoding all EXCEPT:

    <p>EGFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene mutations are found in the majority of sporadic gastric cancers of both diffuse and intestinal types?

    <p>TP53 mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor affects the risk of gastric cancer due to H.pylori infection?

    <p>Exposure to preserved foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic variants are associated with an elevated risk of gastric cancer when accompanied by H.pylori infection?

    <p>Genes encoding proinflammatory and immune response proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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