Gas Properties and Laws Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the SI unit of pressure for gases?

  • Pascal (correct)
  • Newtons per metre squared (correct)
  • Kelvin
  • Cubic metre

Boyle’s Law states that at constant temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure.

False (B)

What is the value of standard temperature in Kelvin?

273 K

At absolute zero, the temperature in Kelvin is _____ K.

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following units with their corresponding quantities:

<p>Pascal = Pressure Cubic metre = Volume Kelvin = Temperature Litres = Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at constant temperature?

<p>Boyle’s Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gas fills the entire volume of its container uniformly.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between volume and pressure in Boyle's Law?

<p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?

<p>Gas particles have significant volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is independent of temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation representing the state of an ideal gas?

<p>pV = NRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the kinetic theory of gases, gas particles are in continuous rapid, random ______.

<p>motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with their definitions:

<p>Pressure = Force applied per unit area Volume = Space occupied by the gas Temperature = Measure of the average kinetic energy Moles = Quantity of substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be true about the units when using the equation pV = NRT?

<p>Pressure must be in pascals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Attractive forces between gas molecules can be ignored under all conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal gas constant represented by (R)?

<p>8.3 J K-1 mol-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Boyle’s Law express about the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas?

<p>Pressure is inversely proportional to volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Charles' Law indicates that the volume of a gas decreases with an increase in temperature at constant pressure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical expression for Charles' Law?

<p>V/T = k</p> Signup and view all the answers

The temperature at which the volume of gas reaches zero is known as _______.

<p>absolute zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Boyle’s Law = Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature Charle’s Law = Volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure Absolute Zero = The temperature at which volume reaches zero PV = k = Mathematical expression for Boyle’s Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does the volume of gas theoretically become zero according to the behavior described?

<p>-273°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Charles' Law, if the pressure is held constant, increasing temperature results in a decrease in volume.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volatile liquid in the flask during the heating process?

<p>It vaporizes completely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the point where the volume-temperature line intersects the X-axis?

<p>It represents absolute zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atmospheric pressure inside the flask will always be greater than the vapor pressure of the volatile liquid.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What liquid is mentioned as suitable to use in this experiment?

<p>Cyclohexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

To determine the mass of the vapor, subtract the mass of the _____ from the mass of the flask with the vapor.

<p>flask, cap, and rubber band</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps to the correct procedure in determining the mass and volume of the vapor.

<p>Weigh flask and fittings before heating = Mass determination step Calculate the difference between initial and final mass = Mass determination step Fill flask with water and transfer to graduated cylinder = Volume determination step Record the volume of liquid transferred = Volume determination step</p> Signup and view all the answers

What equipment is necessary to record atmospheric pressure?

<p>Barometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume of vapor can be determined by measuring the water displaced in a graduated cylinder.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature and pressure does the vapor of the volatile liquid occupy a volume of 330 cm³?

<p>100 °C and 101 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula used to calculate the number of moles (n) of a gas?

<p>n = PV/RT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is not proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of gas are present in 1.8 × 10^24 atoms of chlorine at standard temperature and pressure?

<p>1.5 moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mass spectrometer is an instrumental technique used for measuring the relative molecular mass of both __________ and __________ substances.

<p>volatile, non-volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts to their descriptions:

<p>Avogadro’s Law = Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules Kinetic Theory Assumption 1 = Gases are made up of particles in rapid, random, straight-line motion Real Gas Behavior = Forces of attraction between the molecules Volume of Gas = Volume is not negligible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Combined Gas Law formula?

<p>$p_1 V_1 / T_1 = p_2 V_2 / T_2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gases contain different numbers of molecules under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p)?

<p>22.4 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation for Boyle's Law is represented as $pV = ______$.

<p>k</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Combined Gas Law, if pressure increases while temperature remains constant, what happens to the volume?

<p>Volume decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes indicates that the volumes of reacting gases can be in any ratio.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When hydrogen reacts with oxygen, the resulting product is ______.

<p>steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gas Definition

A gas is a substance with no fixed boundaries that rapidly fills its container.

Temperature (Celsius)

A measure of hotness, using a scale where freezing point of water is 0°C and boiling point is 100°C.

Temperature (Kelvin)

A temperature scale where 0K is absolute zero.

Boyle's Law

At constant temperature, gas volume is inversely proportional to its pressure.

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Pressure Unit

Pressure is measured in Pascals (Pa), which is Newtons per meter squared.

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Volume Unit

Volume of a gas is the same as its container's volume, typically measured in cubic meters (m³).

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STP (Standard Temperature & Pressure)

Standard conditions for gases (273 K and 100,000 Pa).

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Inverse Relationship (Boyle's Law)

As gas pressure increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa (at constant temperature).

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Charles' Law

At a constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Kelvin).

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Absolute Zero

The theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion ceases, equivalent to -273.15 °C or 0 Kelvin.

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Kelvin Scale

A temperature scale where 0 Kelvin (K) represents absolute zero, and each degree is the same size as a Celsius degree.

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pV = k

The mathematical expression of Boyle's Law, where p represents pressure, V represents volume, and k is a constant value.

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V/T = k

The mathematical expression of Charles' Law, where V represents volume, T represents absolute temperature (Kelvin), and k is a constant value.

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Direct Proportion

A relationship between two variables where their ratio is constant. As one variable increases, the other increases proportionally.

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Inverse Proportion

A relationship between two variables where their product is constant. As one variable increases, the other decreases proportionally.

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Kinetic Theory of Gases

A set of assumptions explaining the behavior of ideal gases, focusing on the constant motion of gas particles and their collisions.

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Ideal Gas

A theoretical gas that perfectly follows all the assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases.

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Assumptions of Kinetic Theory

The principles that describe how ideal gas particles behave, including their motion, collisions, and lack of significant forces between them.

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Elastic Collisions

Collisions between gas particles where no energy is lost, just exchanged.

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Average Kinetic Energy

The average energy of motion possessed by gas particles, directly proportional to the gas's temperature in Kelvin.

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Equation of State (Ideal Gas)

A mathematical formula that describes the relationship between the pressure, volume, moles, and temperature of an ideal gas.

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Pressure (P)

The force exerted by the gas particles on the walls of its container.

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Volume (V)

The space occupied by the gas inside its container.

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Combined Gas Law

Combines Boyle's and Charles' Laws to relate pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. It states that the ratio of the product of initial pressure and volume to the initial temperature is equal to the ratio of the product of final pressure and volume to the final temperature.

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What is the Combined Gas Law Equation?

The equation is: p₁V₁/T₁ = p₂V₂/T₂, where p is pressure, V is volume, and T is temperature in Kelvin. The subscripts 1 and 2 represent initial and final conditions.

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Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes

States that when gases react, the volumes of reactants and products are in simple, whole-number ratios, provided the volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

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What are the conditions for Gay-Lussac's Law?

This law only applies when the volumes of gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

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Avogadro's Law

States that equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

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Molar Volume

The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is 22.4 liters.

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What is the molar volume at room temperature and pressure?

The molar volume at room temperature and pressure (RTP) is 24.0 liters.

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Volatile Liquid

A liquid that easily evaporates at room temperature due to weak intermolecular forces.

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Vaporization

The process where a liquid transforms into a gas.

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Condensation

The process where a gas transforms back into a liquid.

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Atmospheric Pressure

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air in the atmosphere.

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Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)

The average mass of a molecule of a substance compared to the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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Mass of Vapour Determination

Finding the mass of a volatile liquid that has completely evaporated.

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Volume of Vapour Determination

Measuring the volume that the vaporized liquid occupies.

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Why Vapour Pressure = Atmospheric Pressure

The presence of a small hole in the flask allows the vapour to escape until the pressure inside the flask equals the pressure outside.

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Kinetic Theory Assumptions

The kinetic theory states that gases consist of particles in constant random motion, with their average kinetic energy proportional to absolute temperature.

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Ideal Gas vs. Real Gas

Real gases deviate from ideal behavior due to intermolecular forces and non-negligible particle volume, which are ignored in the ideal gas model.

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Calculate Moles from Atoms

To convert atoms of an element to moles, divide the number of atoms by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23).

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Non-Volatile Liquids

Liquids that do not vaporize easily at room temperature are considered non-volatile.

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Study Notes

Gas Properties

  • A gas is a substance with no defined boundaries and rapidly fills any container.
  • Gases are one of the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas).

Gas Laws: Temperature

  • Temperature measures the hotness of an object.
  • Kelvin scale: -273°C is absolute zero.
  • Celsius scale: Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
  • To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.

Gas Laws: Pressure

  • Pressure is the force a gas exerts on a unit area.
  • Measured in Newtons per meter squared (N/m²), also called Pascals (Pa).
  • Normal atmospheric pressure is 1 x 10⁵ Pa or 100,000 Pa.
  • Also expressed in kilopascals (kPa) and hectopascals (hPa).

Gas Laws: Volume

  • Volume is the space occupied by a gas, equivalent to the container's volume.
  • Measured in cubic meters (m³), cubic centimeters (cm³), or liters (L).
  • 1 liter = 1000 cm³ = 1 cubic decimeter (dm³).

Gas Laws: Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

  • Standard temperature: 273 K.
  • Standard pressure: 100,000 Pa.

Boyle's Law

  • At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
  • pV = k (where p is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant)
  • Boyle experimentally confirmed this inverse relationship.

Charles' Law

  • At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature (measured in Kelvin).
  • V/T = k (where V is volume, T is temperature, and k is a constant)
  • Charles found that the relationship is linear when temperature is plotted against volume.

Combined Gas Law

  • Combines Boyle's and Charles' laws.
  • (P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂ (where subscripts 1 and 2 represent initial and final conditions)

Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes

  • In gas reactions, the volumes of reacting gases and the gaseous products are in ratios of whole numbers when measured at the same temperature and pressure.

Avogadro's Law

  • Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
  • At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

  • Gases are composed of tiny, rapidly moving particles in random motion.
  • Interactions between particles are negligible except for collisions.
  • The average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the absolute temperature (in Kelvin).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and laws of gases, including aspects like temperature, pressure, and volume. Understand key concepts such as the Kelvin scale and standard temperature and pressure. Perfect for students studying chemistry or physics.

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