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Questions and Answers
What is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at sea level?
What is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at sea level?
The Kelvin scale starts from 0°C where the motion of particles ceases.
The Kelvin scale starts from 0°C where the motion of particles ceases.
False
What device is used for measuring gas pressures?
What device is used for measuring gas pressures?
Bourdon gauge
When air is removed from a can by a __________, the can collapses.
When air is removed from a can by a __________, the can collapses.
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Match the following temperature scales with their starting points:
Match the following temperature scales with their starting points:
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What is the freezing temperature of water in Celsius?
What is the freezing temperature of water in Celsius?
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In a vacuum, the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure outside.
In a vacuum, the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure outside.
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What does Charles’ law state about the relationship between volume and absolute temperature?
What does Charles’ law state about the relationship between volume and absolute temperature?
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The gas volume-temperature graph will not pass through the origin if temperatures are measured on the Kelvin scale.
The gas volume-temperature graph will not pass through the origin if temperatures are measured on the Kelvin scale.
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What are the units used for volume and temperature in the graph described?
What are the units used for volume and temperature in the graph described?
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According to Charles’ law, doubling the absolute temperature will __________ the volume.
According to Charles’ law, doubling the absolute temperature will __________ the volume.
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Match the gas law with its description:
Match the gas law with its description:
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In the graph plotting volume against temperature, which variable is placed on the y-axis?
In the graph plotting volume against temperature, which variable is placed on the y-axis?
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When temperatures are measured in Celsius, the graph of volume versus temperature will pass through the origin.
When temperatures are measured in Celsius, the graph of volume versus temperature will pass through the origin.
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What happens to the volume of a fixed mass of gas if the temperature is kept constant and the pressure is increased?
What happens to the volume of a fixed mass of gas if the temperature is kept constant and the pressure is increased?
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In the volume-temperature graph, volume is measured in __________.
In the volume-temperature graph, volume is measured in __________.
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What happens to water when it cools below 4°C?
What happens to water when it cools below 4°C?
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Ice is more dense than cold water.
Ice is more dense than cold water.
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What is the temperature at which water freezes?
What is the temperature at which water freezes?
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Every 100 cm³ of water becomes ______ cm³ of ice upon freezing.
Every 100 cm³ of water becomes ______ cm³ of ice upon freezing.
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Match the following temperatures with their corresponding states of water:
Match the following temperatures with their corresponding states of water:
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What is a common consequence of water freezing in pipes?
What is a common consequence of water freezing in pipes?
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The arrangement of water molecules changes above 4°C.
The arrangement of water molecules changes above 4°C.
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What type of thermometer measures temperature in degrees Celsius?
What type of thermometer measures temperature in degrees Celsius?
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The capillary tube in a liquid-in-glass thermometer allows the ______ to rise when heated.
The capillary tube in a liquid-in-glass thermometer allows the ______ to rise when heated.
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At what temperature does water reach its maximum density?
At what temperature does water reach its maximum density?
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What will happen to the pressure of a fixed mass of gas if the temperature rises while the volume remains constant?
What will happen to the pressure of a fixed mass of gas if the temperature rises while the volume remains constant?
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The Kelvin scale of temperature starts at 0°C.
The Kelvin scale of temperature starts at 0°C.
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What is the pressure of a gas with a volume of 9 cm3 at 1 × 10^5 Pa and a temperature of 27°C when its volume is compressed to 5 cm3 and the temperature rises to 37°C?
What is the pressure of a gas with a volume of 9 cm3 at 1 × 10^5 Pa and a temperature of 27°C when its volume is compressed to 5 cm3 and the temperature rises to 37°C?
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The absolute temperature of 0°C is equivalent to _____ K.
The absolute temperature of 0°C is equivalent to _____ K.
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What is the formula to calculate specific heat capacity?
What is the formula to calculate specific heat capacity?
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The specific heat capacity is defined as the energy required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius.
The specific heat capacity is defined as the energy required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius.
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Match the following gas laws with their descriptions:
Match the following gas laws with their descriptions:
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What is the relationship between the volume and pressure when the volume of a gas is reduced while keeping the temperature constant?
What is the relationship between the volume and pressure when the volume of a gas is reduced while keeping the temperature constant?
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If 25 000 J of energy is supplied to a mass of 2 kg and its temperature rises from 10°C to 35°C, what is the specific heat capacity of the mass?
If 25 000 J of energy is supplied to a mass of 2 kg and its temperature rises from 10°C to 35°C, what is the specific heat capacity of the mass?
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The temperature must always be in Kelvin when using gas laws.
The temperature must always be in Kelvin when using gas laws.
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The specific heat capacity of the mass is measured in __________.
The specific heat capacity of the mass is measured in __________.
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Match the following scenarios with their corresponding calculations:
Match the following scenarios with their corresponding calculations:
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At what temperature (in Kelvin) does water freeze?
At what temperature (in Kelvin) does water freeze?
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At absolute zero, the motion of gas particles theoretically stops, corresponding to _____ K.
At absolute zero, the motion of gas particles theoretically stops, corresponding to _____ K.
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What is the equivalent pressure of 1 atm in pascals?
What is the equivalent pressure of 1 atm in pascals?
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Study Notes
Kinetic Particle Model of Matter
- Matter is composed of tiny particles (atoms, molecules, ions, and electrons)
- These particles are in constant motion.
- The state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) depends on the arrangement and motion of its particles.
Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- Solids: Solids have a definite shape and volume, and are not easily compressed. Particles are closely packed in a fixed position.
- Liquids: Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Particles are further apart than in solids, allowing them to slide past one another.
- Gases: Gases have no definite shape or volume, taking the shape and volume of their container. Particles are widely spaced and move randomly in all directions.
Changes of State
- Melting: A solid changes to a liquid when heated, causing the particles to break free from their fixed positions.
- Boiling: A liquid changes to a gas when heated, causing the particles to become widely separated and move freely.
- Solidification (Freezing): A liquid changes to a solid when cooled, causing the particles to lose energy and settle into a fixed arrangement.
- Condensation: A gas changes to a liquid when cooled, causing particles to lose energy and come closer together.
- Evaporation: A liquid changes to a gas when heated at the surface, allowing some high-energy particles to escape into the gaseous phase.
Particle Diagrams
- Used to represent the arrangement of particles in different states of matter
- Can depict the relative spacing and movement of particles.
Temperature and Kinetic Energy
- Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
- Higher temperature means particles move faster.
- Absolute zero (-273 °C or 0 K) is the theoretical temperature at which particle motion stops.
Pressure
- Gas pressure is caused by the collisions of gas particles with the walls of their container.
- Higher temperature increases the frequency and force of these collisions, resulting in higher pressure.
- Higher pressure reduces the volume if temperature stays constant.
Brownian Motion
- The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas).
- Evidence for the kinetic theory, as it demonstrates the constant motion of particles.
Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law: At constant temperature, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
- Charles' Law: At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin).
- Pressure Law: At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin).
Thermal Expansion
- Solids, liquids, and gases expand when heated and contract when cooled.
- The expansion is most significant in gases, and least in solids.
- Expansion is explained by the increased kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move further apart.
Specific Heat Capacity
- The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1°C
- Materials with higher specific heat capacity require more energy to change their temperature.
Melting and Boiling
- Melting: The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
- Boiling: The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.
- Both involve a change in the arrangement of particles but not in the temperature until the change in state is complete.
- The transfer of energy (heat) does not change the temperature of the substance undergoing a change of state, until the entire substance is in the new state.
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Description
Test your knowledge on gas laws, temperature scales, and the concepts of pressure. This quiz covers topics like Charles’ law, pressure measurement, and the behavior of gases. Dive into these fundamental principles of physics to see how well you understand the relationships between temperature and gas volume.
