Gangrene: Types and Pathogenesis

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What is the common cause of gradual loss of arterial supply to an organ or tissue, leading to gangrene?

Atherosclerosis and trauma

Ergot poisoning and arteriosclerosis

Trauma and ergot poisoning

All of the above (correct)

Which type of gangrene is characterized by severe bacterial infection superimposed on necrosis?

Coagulative necrosis

Caseous necrosis

Dry gangrene

Wet gangrene (correct)

What is the characteristic feature of caseous necrosis?

Edema and foul smell

White, cheese-like, friable foci of necrosis (correct)

Coagulative necrosis with preserved tissue architecture

Blackening of tissue due to iron sulfide formation

What is the term used to describe the inflammatory border surrounding caseous necrosis?

Granuloma Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of an infarct?

Localized area of coagulative necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe tissue architecture preservation with intense eosinophilia and loss of nuclear details?

Acidophilic tombstone Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'T' component of the TNM staging system represent?

Primary tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for permanent changes in the DNA?

Mutation Signup and view all the answers

How many genes do humans have that can be involved in changes to their structure, causing diseases?

30,000 genes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of undifferentiated cells corresponds to Grade IV according to Brooder's classification?

0-25% Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base, resulting in the replacement of a single amino acid in a protein molecule?

Point mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cancer has the characteristics of a small and localized tumor confined to one location?

Stage 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spread of cancer cells to other areas and establishment of new tumors in different organs?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in single genes?

Mendelian disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for genetic disorders involving multiple genes as well as environmental influences?

Complex disorder Signup and view all the answers

According to SEER Scales, which stage of cancer has the characteristics of cancer cells detectable in the surrounding lymph nodes?

Stage 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cancer that is not yet fully defined and has an unknown number of staging?

Not yet fully defined Signup and view all the answers

According to Brooder's classification, what percentage of differentiated cells corresponds to Grade I?

75-100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of congested tissues?

Abnormal blue-red Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syndromes is characterized by a single palmar crease?

Edward's Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Edward's Syndrome?

Trisomy 18 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cri du Chat Syndrome?

Cleft lip and palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic facial feature of Cri du Chat Syndrome?

Round face, hypertelorism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syndromes is characterized by polydactyly?

Patau's Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when selecting tissue for sectioning?

The tissue should be thin enough to allow penetration by fixative within a reasonable amount of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for fixing the brain tissue before grossing or sectioning?

It is generally soft when unfixed Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of prolonged fixation?

Loss of immunohistochemical antigenicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of refrigeration on tissue decomposition?

It slows down decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of using fixative on tissue?

It makes cells resistant to damage and distortion by hypertonic and hypotonic solutions Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of bone marrow compared to brain cells?

It continues to undergo mitosis up to 30 minutes if refrigerated Signup and view all the answers