30 Questions
What is the common cause of gradual loss of arterial supply to an organ or tissue, leading to gangrene?
All of the above
Which type of gangrene is characterized by severe bacterial infection superimposed on necrosis?
Wet gangrene
What is the characteristic feature of caseous necrosis?
White, cheese-like, friable foci of necrosis
What is the term used to describe the inflammatory border surrounding caseous necrosis?
Granuloma
What is the characteristic feature of an infarct?
Localized area of coagulative necrosis
What is the term used to describe tissue architecture preservation with intense eosinophilia and loss of nuclear details?
Acidophilic tombstone
What does the 'T' component of the TNM staging system represent?
Primary tumor
What is the term for permanent changes in the DNA?
Mutation
How many genes do humans have that can be involved in changes to their structure, causing diseases?
30,000 genes
What percentage of undifferentiated cells corresponds to Grade IV according to Brooder's classification?
0-25%
What type of mutation involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base, resulting in the replacement of a single amino acid in a protein molecule?
Point mutation
Which stage of cancer has the characteristics of a small and localized tumor confined to one location?
Stage 1
What is the term for the spread of cancer cells to other areas and establishment of new tumors in different organs?
Metastasis
What is the term for a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in single genes?
Mendelian disorder
What is the term for genetic disorders involving multiple genes as well as environmental influences?
Complex disorder
According to SEER Scales, which stage of cancer has the characteristics of cancer cells detectable in the surrounding lymph nodes?
Stage 3
What is the term for cancer that is not yet fully defined and has an unknown number of staging?
Not yet fully defined
According to Brooder's classification, what percentage of differentiated cells corresponds to Grade I?
75-100%
What is the characteristic color of congested tissues?
Abnormal blue-red
Which of the following syndromes is characterized by a single palmar crease?
Edward's Syndrome
What is the primary cause of Edward's Syndrome?
Trisomy 18
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cri du Chat Syndrome?
Cleft lip and palate
What is the characteristic facial feature of Cri du Chat Syndrome?
Round face, hypertelorism
Which of the following syndromes is characterized by polydactyly?
Patau's Syndrome
What is a key consideration when selecting tissue for sectioning?
The tissue should be thin enough to allow penetration by fixative within a reasonable amount of time
What is the primary reason for fixing the brain tissue before grossing or sectioning?
It is generally soft when unfixed
What is a consequence of prolonged fixation?
Loss of immunohistochemical antigenicity
What is the effect of refrigeration on tissue decomposition?
It slows down decomposition
What is one of the benefits of using fixative on tissue?
It makes cells resistant to damage and distortion by hypertonic and hypotonic solutions
What is a unique characteristic of bone marrow compared to brain cells?
It continues to undergo mitosis up to 30 minutes if refrigerated
Learn about the different types of gangrene, including dry gangrene and wet gangrene, and understand their pathogenesis. Discover the causes, common sites, and characteristics of this condition.
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