Gandhi's Philosophy and Movements Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects Gandhi's initial view of the British involvement in the Boer War?

  • Gandhi's initial stance was one of neutrality, not actively supporting either side.
  • Gandhi believed the British would use the war to end racial discrimination in South Africa. (correct)
  • Gandhi opposed British involvement in the war, seeing it as an unjust conflict.
  • Gandhi felt the war was necessary to protect the interests of native Africans and Indians.

What was Gandhi's primary motivation for establishing Phoenix Farm and Tolstoy Farm?

  • To create a haven for Indians escaping persecution in South Africa.
  • To establish educational institutions committed to providing India's future leaders.
  • To provide a base for his political activism against the British Empire.
  • To promote self-sufficiency and develop a community based on his evolving philosophy. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a key element of Gandhi's vision for India's economic and educational development?

  • He believed in empowering the rural population through basic education for all.
  • He advocated for the establishment of large-scale factories and businesses, similar to those in Britain. (correct)
  • He sought to promote Indian industries by discouraging the sale of foreign goods.
  • He emphasized the importance of a decentralized, village-based economy.

What was Gandhi's rationale for advocating for the 'buniyaadi shiksha' or basic education?

<p>He sought to provide an alternative educational system that was independent of the British government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Gandhi's understanding of 'Satyagraha' differ from the traditional concept of passive resistance?

<p>Satyagraha involved a conscious effort to challenge injustice through non-violent action and moral force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Gandhi's experience in South Africa contribute to the development of his Satyagraha philosophy?

<p>He faced personal discrimination and injustice firsthand, prompting him to seek a peaceful and moral solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Satyagraha and non-violence in Gandhi's philosophy?

<p>Satyagraha is a broader concept, encompassing non-violence as one of its key elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the significance of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) in relation to Gandhi's philosophy?

<p>It demonstrated the potential of non-violent mass mobilization to challenge British authority. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Gandhi's primary contributions to the Indian freedom movement?

<p>Promoting non-violence and Satyagraha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Gandhi establish the Natal Indian Congress?

<p>1894 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred when Gandhi was traveling to Pretoria?

<p>He faced racial discrimination and was thrown from a train (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Gandhi's establishment of the Sabarmati Ashram?

<p>To serve as a base for political activism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Gandhi first apply the concept of Satyagraha?

<p>In South Africa against racial discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key philosophy did Gandhi promote alongside Satyagraha?

<p>Ahimsa (non-violence) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best reflects Gandhi's early career before engaging in Indian nationalism?

<p>He was a barrister who faced racial issues in South Africa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which events helped establish Gandhi's leadership and political strategy in India?

<p>Engagement in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmadabad disputes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Non-Cooperation Movement have on the perception of British authority in India?

<p>It led to a growing belief in the possibility of self-government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a notable characteristic of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>It included active participation from women and oppressed groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the Non-Cooperation Movement for Gandhi's political status?

<p>It elevated his reputation as a national leader. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which years did the Non-Cooperation Movement occur?

<p>1920-1921 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the overall significance of the Non-Cooperation Movement for Indian politics?

<p>It marked the beginning of a national consciousness and mass mobilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason Gandhi was not angry with the British government's actions during his imprisonment?

<p>He was a follower of passive resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Champaran Agrarian Committee play during the events in Champaran?

<p>Decided on abolishing the Tinkathia system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following figures was NOT mentioned as a supporter of Gandhi during the Champaran events?

<p>Jawaharlal Nehru (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Bihar government's decision regarding Gandhi's imprisonment?

<p>Many peasants resented the government's announcement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the industrial workers in Ahmadabad as highlighted in 1918?

<p>Inadequate wages and employment security. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial action did the British planters take towards the peasants in Champaran?

<p>They returned 25% of the unlawfully taken money. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial response of the British Commissioners when Gandhi arrived in Champaran?

<p>They ordered him to leave immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the mill-owners intend to gain from declaring a 50% wage increase for workers in Ahmadabad?

<p>To distract workers from the lacking numbers due to the plague. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reaction of the Indian populace to the Rowlatt Act?

<p>Mass protests organized by Gandhi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is directly associated with the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

<p>Implementation of the Rowlatt Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one key outcome of the Khilafat Movement?

<p>Unification of Hindus and Muslims against British authorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Non-cooperation' signify in the context of Gandhi's movement?

<p>Boycotting British goods and institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who ordered the firing on the crowd at Jallianwala Bagh?

<p>General Dyer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant result of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>Increased public awareness of colonial oppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the attitude of General Dyer towards the crowd at Jallianwala Bagh?

<p>Indifferent and uncaring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Non-Cooperation Movement officially begin?

<p>1920 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant result of the Khilafat Movement in India?

<p>It fostered Hindu-Muslim unity against the British government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary reasons for the resentment towards the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms?

<p>The establishment of a Diarchy system that limited Indian control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor did NOT contribute to the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>The demand for immediate independence from the British. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Gandhi's support affect the perception of the Muslim community during the Khilafat Movement?

<p>It strengthened their position as political equals to Hindus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Rowlatt Act passed in 1919?

<p>To suppress revolutionary and anti-British activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Khilafat Movement impact Muslim awareness of their political power?

<p>They began to see themselves as crucial to the political landscape. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a result of the cooperation between Hindus and Muslims during the Khilafat Movement?

<p>A formal alliance between the Congress and the Muslim League. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common outcome of the various reforms introduced by the British in India in 1919?

<p>Increased alienation and disappointment among Indian leaders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gandhi's visit to Champaran

Gandhi visited Champaran to investigate the plight of peasants under British planters.

Arrest of Gandhi

Gandhi was arrested for disobeying British orders in Champaran.

Champaran Agrarian Committee

A committee formed in June 1917 to address issues faced by peasants.

Tinkathia System

A system that forced Indian peasants to grow indigo for British planters.

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Outcome of Champaran events

Led to the abolition of illegal taxes and the return of 25% money to peasants.

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1918 Ahmadabad strikes

Gandhi advocated for industrial workers during the strikes over wage disputes.

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Plague impact on workers

Many workers left their jobs due to the plague outbreak in Ahmadabad.

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Wage increase demand

Workers desired a 50% wage increase while mill-owners offered a smaller bonus.

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Gandhi's Support during Boer War

Gandhi supported the British and formed the Indian Ambulance Corps during the Boer War, believing it would end discrimination.

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Phoenix Farm

A farm established by Gandhi in South Africa, known as the birthplace of his philosophy of Satyagraha.

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Tolstoy Farm

An ashram founded by Gandhi in 1910, influenced by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's philosophies.

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Satyagraha

Meaning 'truth-force', Satyagraha is Gandhi's principle of nonviolent resistance for social and political change.

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Ahimsa

Ahimsa means non-violence, and is a core principle that underpins Gandhi's philosophy and Satyagraha.

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Non-Cooperation Movement

A significant act of Satyagraha initiated by Gandhi in 1920, rejecting British authority in India.

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Gandhi's Economic Vision

Gandhi aimed for Indian self-sufficiency and empowerment, focusing on rural economies and education.

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Role of Khadi

Gandhi encouraged the use of khadi (handspun cloth) to promote self-reliance and weaken British economic control.

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Gandhi's Birth

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat.

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Sabarmati Ashram

An ashram established by Gandhi in Ahmadabad upon returning from South Africa in 1915.

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Champaran

An agrarian dispute in 1917 where Gandhi led protests for indigo farmers in Bihar.

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Kheda

Another agrarian agitation led by Gandhi in 1918 for farmers affected by drought.

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Natal Indian Congress

Established by Gandhi in 1894 to protest against racism in South Africa.

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Racism in South Africa

Gandhi faced racial discrimination while advocating for Indian rights during his time there.

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Khilafat Movement

A movement in India (1919-1924) supporting the Ottoman Empire and uniting Hindus and Muslims against British rule.

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Hindu-Muslim Unity

The collaboration between Hindus and Muslims during the Khilafat Movement to achieve common goals against British rule.

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Significance of Khilafat

The Khilafat Movement showed Muslims their political strength and unity with Hindus, crucial for India's freedom struggle.

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Montagu Chelmsford Reforms

Reforms recommended in 1919 that introduced a Diarchy system, fostering discontent among Indians due to limited political rights.

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Diarchy system

A governance system where power is divided between British officials and Indian leaders, limiting Indian political influence.

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Rowlatt Act

A 1919 law intended to suppress revolutionary activities in India, causing widespread anger and protests.

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Resentment for Reforms

Indian dissatisfaction with the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms due to curtailed voting rights and lack of self-governance.

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First mass scale movement

The Non-Cooperation Movement was the first nationwide mass participation movement led by Gandhi in 1920-1921.

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Participation of diverse groups

Workers, peasants, students, and oppressed individuals, including women, joined the Non-Cooperation Movement.

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Gandhi's national reputation

The Non-Cooperation Movement elevated Gandhi's status as a key political leader of India.

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Feeling of insecurity among British

The movement made the British government realize they could not indefinitely rule India, as faith in them decreased.

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Desire for self-government

The Non-Cooperation Movement expressed the Indian people's desire for self-rule away from British control.

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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

A tragic event in 1919 where British troops fired on unarmed protesters.

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General Dyer

British General who ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh.

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Chauri Chaura Incident

A violent clash in 1922 that led to the end of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

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Deportation Protests

Protests against the deportation of popular Indian leaders like Dr. Kitchlew.

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Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of Indian independence movement, organized major protests against British law.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

  • Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948) was a significant political leader in India during the British period.
  • His contributions to India's freedom movement are immense.
  • Gandhi advocated non-violence and Satyagraha (passive resistance), inspiring millions.

Gandhi's Activities in South Africa

  • Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat.
  • Became a barrister in 1891.
  • Returned to India from South Africa in 1915 and established Sabarmati Ashram in 1915.
  • Involved in agrarian disputes at Champaran and Kheda (1917-18) and labor dispute at Ahmadabad (1917-18) using Satyagraha.
  • Emigrated to South Africa in 1893 as a lawyer.
  • Faced racial discrimination in South Africa.
  • Experienced being thrown off a train because of his ethnicity.
  • Led anti-racism struggles against the white authorities in South Africa.
  • First applied passive resistance and civil disobedience in South Africa.
  • Influenced by the writings of Leo Tolstoy, forming the basis of his political philosophy.
  • Founded Phoenix Farm, birthplace of Satyagraha.
  • Established Tolstoy Farm as an ashram.
  • Led the Natal Indian Congress to protest against racism.

Satyagraha and Non-Violence

  • Satyagraha: Truth force, a philosophical principle for India's freedom.
  • Non-violence (Ahimsa): A cornerstone of Gandhian thought, advocating love for all.

Swadeshi

  • Swadeshi promoted the boycott of foreign goods to encourage indigenous products.
  • Emphasized the revival of cottage and village industries.
  • Goal was to foster socioeconomic development in India.

Localized Satyagrahas

  • Examples include Champaran, Ahmadabad, and Kheda movements.
  • Gandhi applied passive resistance in these peasant movements.

Rowlatt Act, 1919

  • The British government introduced the Rowlatt Act to curb nationalist sentiments.
  • Indians widely opposed the Act.
  • Gandhi led a Satyagraha campaign against it.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

  • Occurred on April 13, 1919.
  • A significant event in India's freedom struggle.
  • Involved the killing of innocent protesters by British troops.

Khilafat Movement

  • The movement arose due to unrest when the Allies weakened the Turkish Caliphate.
  • Gandhi supported the movement.
  • Demonstrated Hindu-Muslim solidarity against British policies.

Non-Cooperation Movement

  • Launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Aimed at establishing self-governance.
  • Involved boycotts of schools, colleges, law courts and British goods.
  • Chauri Chaura incident (1922) led to the suspension of the movement.

Reasons for the Failure of Non-Cooperation

  • Lack of support from middle class and rural areas.
  • Internal divisions within the Indian movement.

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