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What did Gandhi learn from Ruskin's book Unto This Last?
What did Gandhi learn from Ruskin's book Unto This Last?
Gandhi learned that (a) the good of the individual is contained in the good of all; (b) that a lawyer's work has the same value as the barber's, in as much as all have the same right to earn from their work; and (c) a life of labour, i.e., the life of the tiller of the soil and the handicraftsman, is the life worth living
What are the four aspects of an individual's life according to Indian scriptures?
What are the four aspects of an individual's life according to Indian scriptures?
According to Gandhi, the goal of life is to multiply worldly desires and engage one's entire life in acquiring wealth to satisfy all desires.
According to Gandhi, the goal of life is to multiply worldly desires and engage one's entire life in acquiring wealth to satisfy all desires.
False
Gandhi viewed humanism as the measure of performance in all activity.
Gandhi viewed humanism as the measure of performance in all activity.
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Gandhi believed in the principle of "simple living" and advocated attaining the higher values of life and living a simple and full life.
Gandhi believed in the principle of "simple living" and advocated attaining the higher values of life and living a simple and full life.
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What does Gandhi mean by social justice?
What does Gandhi mean by social justice?
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Gandhi believed that social change should be brought about through violent methods.
Gandhi believed that social change should be brought about through violent methods.
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Gandhi believed that the principle of non-violence means the absence of capitalistic exploitation.
Gandhi believed that the principle of non-violence means the absence of capitalistic exploitation.
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According to Gandhi, an ideal society should be based on the principles of love, harmony, cooperation, and the truth.
According to Gandhi, an ideal society should be based on the principles of love, harmony, cooperation, and the truth.
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Gandhi believed that the ideal economic condition is self-sufficiency of the economy, where the requirements of the people are in harmony with the resources of the economy, and the production technology should be used to match the country's requirements.
Gandhi believed that the ideal economic condition is self-sufficiency of the economy, where the requirements of the people are in harmony with the resources of the economy, and the production technology should be used to match the country's requirements.
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What are the main features of Gandhian development theory?
What are the main features of Gandhian development theory?
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According to Gandhi, capital, a source of all wealth, comes in two types: money capital and labour capital.
According to Gandhi, capital, a source of all wealth, comes in two types: money capital and labour capital.
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Gandhi believed that labour and capital are independent.
Gandhi believed that labour and capital are independent.
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Gandhi believed that capitalists who are organized are in a better bargaining position to exploit labour.
Gandhi believed that capitalists who are organized are in a better bargaining position to exploit labour.
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Gandhi suggested that to reduce the effects of concentration of capital, there should be a decentralized ownership of capital, and if concentration of capital is needed, then the state should have full control over the use of capital.
Gandhi suggested that to reduce the effects of concentration of capital, there should be a decentralized ownership of capital, and if concentration of capital is needed, then the state should have full control over the use of capital.
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Gandhi believed that exploitation of labour should be done to make the capitalist system work effectively.
Gandhi believed that exploitation of labour should be done to make the capitalist system work effectively.
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Gandhi felt that the problem of exploitation of labour is a result of capitalists' efforts to increase profits by reducing wages.
Gandhi felt that the problem of exploitation of labour is a result of capitalists' efforts to increase profits by reducing wages.
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Gandhi believed that bridging the gap between capitalists and workers is the ultimate solution to the exploitation of labour.
Gandhi believed that bridging the gap between capitalists and workers is the ultimate solution to the exploitation of labour.
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Profit in the Gandhian view, is equal to total receipt minus production costs, capital depreciation, and distribution costs.
Profit in the Gandhian view, is equal to total receipt minus production costs, capital depreciation, and distribution costs.
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Gandhi believed that profit was essential for a firm's survival.
Gandhi believed that profit was essential for a firm's survival.
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Gandhi felt that full employment of human resources is only possible through the development of large-scale industries.
Gandhi felt that full employment of human resources is only possible through the development of large-scale industries.
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Gandhi believed that mechanization is good when there are too many hands than required for the work.
Gandhi believed that mechanization is good when there are too many hands than required for the work.
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Gandhi preferred decentralized production by small-scale units, especially in villages, to centralized production by large-scale units.
Gandhi preferred decentralized production by small-scale units, especially in villages, to centralized production by large-scale units.
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Gandhi believed that small-scale units could be more efficient economically than large-scale units.
Gandhi believed that small-scale units could be more efficient economically than large-scale units.
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Gandhi was against the use of technology.
Gandhi was against the use of technology.
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Gandhi believed that "saving labour" through the use of machines is wrong, as it leads to unemployment and starvation.
Gandhi believed that "saving labour" through the use of machines is wrong, as it leads to unemployment and starvation.
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Gandhi believed that poverty was the direct responsibility of the poor, and the rich are not involved or responsible for the poverty of the masses.
Gandhi believed that poverty was the direct responsibility of the poor, and the rich are not involved or responsible for the poverty of the masses.
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Gandhi believed that economics that disregards moral values are untrue.
Gandhi believed that economics that disregards moral values are untrue.
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Gandhi was a socialist.
Gandhi was a socialist.
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What is Satyagraha?
What is Satyagraha?
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The Gandhian model of development advocated the establishment of self-sufficient societies that would be self-reliant.
The Gandhian model of development advocated the establishment of self-sufficient societies that would be self-reliant.
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The Gandhian model of development advocates centralized production.
The Gandhian model of development advocates centralized production.
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According to Gandhi, a production plan should be linked with the consumption requirements of the people and be synchronized with the availability of natural resources, and human potentialities, along with climatic conditions.
According to Gandhi, a production plan should be linked with the consumption requirements of the people and be synchronized with the availability of natural resources, and human potentialities, along with climatic conditions.
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The Gandhian model of development advocates for the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
The Gandhian model of development advocates for the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
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The Gandhian model of development advocates for large-scale production in factory settings.
The Gandhian model of development advocates for large-scale production in factory settings.
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The Gandhian model of development advocates for the use of non-renewable energy sources.
The Gandhian model of development advocates for the use of non-renewable energy sources.
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The Gandhian model of development advocates for cutting down trees for fuel and construction, with no emphasis on replanting.
The Gandhian model of development advocates for cutting down trees for fuel and construction, with no emphasis on replanting.
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Gandhi believed in the concept of democratic trusteeship, which means that a bundle of assets is held in trust rather than owned.
Gandhi believed in the concept of democratic trusteeship, which means that a bundle of assets is held in trust rather than owned.
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Gandhi believed that modernization could solve the social problems of poverty, inequality, and egotism.
Gandhi believed that modernization could solve the social problems of poverty, inequality, and egotism.
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Gandhi advocated the concept of a "simple" productive and responsible 'spirit' for the people.
Gandhi advocated the concept of a "simple" productive and responsible 'spirit' for the people.
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The Gandhian Sarvodaya Plan promotes material development over human development.
The Gandhian Sarvodaya Plan promotes material development over human development.
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The Gandhian Sarvodaya Plan advocated for abolishing the caste system.
The Gandhian Sarvodaya Plan advocated for abolishing the caste system.
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Gandhi emphasized the importance of a centralized approach to production.
Gandhi emphasized the importance of a centralized approach to production.
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Gandhi advocated for the use of non-violent methods to bring about change.
Gandhi advocated for the use of non-violent methods to bring about change.
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The Gandhian Sarvodaya plan advocates for centralized production, focusing on large-scale industries as the most effective way to achieve self-sufficiency and eliminate poverty.
The Gandhian Sarvodaya plan advocates for centralized production, focusing on large-scale industries as the most effective way to achieve self-sufficiency and eliminate poverty.
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Gandhi emphasized that the Sarvodaya plan was a long-range program.
Gandhi emphasized that the Sarvodaya plan was a long-range program.
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Gandhi advocated for a non-violent approach to economic equality.
Gandhi advocated for a non-violent approach to economic equality.
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Gandhi's focus was on achieving material wealth and the success of large-scale industries.
Gandhi's focus was on achieving material wealth and the success of large-scale industries.
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The Gandhian Sarvodaya plan promoted a central approach to economic development.
The Gandhian Sarvodaya plan promoted a central approach to economic development.
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The Gandhian Sarvodaya plan emphasized hand-spinning, along with other village and cottage industry production, as a central part of the plan.
The Gandhian Sarvodaya plan emphasized hand-spinning, along with other village and cottage industry production, as a central part of the plan.
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Gandhi believed that the concept of "enough for everyone's need but not for everyone's greed" demonstrated a lack of concern for the environment and the sustainability of the earth.
Gandhi believed that the concept of "enough for everyone's need but not for everyone's greed" demonstrated a lack of concern for the environment and the sustainability of the earth.
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Gandhi believed that a sustainable lifestyle focused only on the well-being of individual societies, without considering a broader global perspective.
Gandhi believed that a sustainable lifestyle focused only on the well-being of individual societies, without considering a broader global perspective.
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There is no evidence that Gandhi was critical of the modern approach to industrialization and the use of machinery.
There is no evidence that Gandhi was critical of the modern approach to industrialization and the use of machinery.
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Gandhi believed that international trade should be based on reciprocal demand.
Gandhi believed that international trade should be based on reciprocal demand.
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Gandhi believed that foreign trade was the primary factor in the success of the Gandhian economic model.
Gandhi believed that foreign trade was the primary factor in the success of the Gandhian economic model.
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The Gandhian model advocates for a balanced approach to economic growth by ensuring a balance between economic progress and moral progress, the rural and urban sectors, and the relationship between humans and the environment.
The Gandhian model advocates for a balanced approach to economic growth by ensuring a balance between economic progress and moral progress, the rural and urban sectors, and the relationship between humans and the environment.
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The Gandhian model advocates for a balanced approach to technology by using only small-scale technology and limiting the use of large-scale technology.
The Gandhian model advocates for a balanced approach to technology by using only small-scale technology and limiting the use of large-scale technology.
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Gandhi believed that an egalitarian society could be achieved through non-violent social change.
Gandhi believed that an egalitarian society could be achieved through non-violent social change.
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The Gandhian doctrine of Trusteeship proposed that the rich should give up their wealth and become poor so that everyone is equal.
The Gandhian doctrine of Trusteeship proposed that the rich should give up their wealth and become poor so that everyone is equal.
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Gandhi proposed a maximum limit for income that individuals could earn, in order to provide a more equitable society.
Gandhi proposed a maximum limit for income that individuals could earn, in order to provide a more equitable society.
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The Gandhian concept of Trusteeship believes that human nature is beyond redemption.
The Gandhian concept of Trusteeship believes that human nature is beyond redemption.
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Study Notes
Gandhian Development Theory
- Gandhi's economic philosophy was greatly influenced by Ruskin's "Unto This Last."
- Gandhian economics differs from mainstream economics.
- Gandhi viewed life holistically, encompassing Artha (money), Kama (desire), Dharma (righteousness), and Moksha (liberation).
- The ideal is to balance these elements for human development.
- Gandhi believed in a non-violent approach to social change.
- Community and family should prioritize stability over perfect labor mobility.
- "Enough" is better than more—limits, not always more, are better.
- The doctrine of trusteeship emphasizes responsibility for the well-being of others.
- Self-sufficiency is central: communities should produce for their own needs.
- The rural model emphasizes village and cottage industries, local control, and self-reliance versus large-scale industry and outsourcing, which Gandhi criticized as leading to economic inequality.
Main Features of Gandhian Development Theory
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Economic concepts related to development
- focus on labor and capital and the role of each.
- decentralization of wealth (ownership)
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Self-sufficiency(Swadeshi)
- production and use of local resources to limit reliance on external markets.
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Balanced Growth
- an approach to economic growth that balances rural and urban development.
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Trusteeship
- the rich are responsible for using their wealth in the interest of the community rather than just their own
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Sustainable Development
- emphasizes harmony with nature and local resources.
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Sarvodaya - emphasizes all-round well-being (of all) through ethical and non-violent means.
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Austerity and Abstinence
- Gandhi advocated for simple living and limiting consumption.
Gandhian Economic Philosophy
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Capital:
- The ownership of capital should be decentralized, and the state should control its use.
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Labor:
- Exploitation of labor is a key issue in capitalism according to Gandhi. Workers' wages should be fair.
Rural Development Model
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Achieving an equitable distribution of resources via local production.
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Emphasis on local/village economies and self-reliance.
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Decentralization of production to encourage village participation and ownership.
Criticism of Gandhian Theory
- Gandhi was not a trained economist.
- His theories lack systematization.
- Some theories are considered unrealistic in modern contexts.
- Practical application may face challenges.
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Description
Explore the fundamental principles of Gandhian Development Theory, which emphasizes a holistic view of life, self-sufficiency, and responsible economic practices. Understand Gandhi's philosophy, influenced by Ruskin, and how it contrasts with mainstream economic approaches.
