Game Theory: Prisoner's Dilemma

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Questions and Answers

What is a row in a table called?

  • Record (correct)
  • Cell
  • Field
  • Database

A cell is formed by the intersection of which of the following?

  • Tables and Databases
  • Records and Fields
  • Horizontal Rows and Vertical Columns (correct)
  • Data and Information

Which of the following is a main use of a DBMS?

  • Eliminates data
  • Creates data duplication
  • Increases data redundancy
  • Reduces data redundancy (correct)

What does a DBMS do to ensure data consistency?

<p>Automatically updates data that appears more than once (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has full control over the database in terms of authorizing user access?

<p>Database Administrator (DBA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'data redundancy' refer to?

<p>Duplication of data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of a DBMS regarding data access?

<p>Concurrent access by multiple users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does a DBMS provide in case of system failure?

<p>Facilities for data recovery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of enhanced data security in a DBMS?

<p>To protect data from unauthorized access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a DBMS 'eliminate inconsistency'?

<p>By automatically updating data that appears more than once (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a Record?

A row in a table, providing complete information.

What is a Cell?

Point where horizontal rows and vertical columns intersect in a table.

What is data redundancy reduction?

DBMS ensures data is not duplicated, reducing multiple copies of the same data.

What does a DBMS do to eliminate inconsistency?

DBMS updates data instantly, ensuring data consistency is maintained across all instances.

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What is Enhanced data security?

DBMS protects data from unauthorized access, with the DBA managing access rights.

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What is Concurrent access?

Multiple users can access and share data simultaneously based on their permissions.

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What are Backup and recovery in DBMS?

DBMS provides backup and recovery facilities to avoid data loss in case of system failure.

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How does DBMS reduce redundancy?

DBMS reduces data redundancy by ensuring data is not unnecessarily duplicated.

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Who is the DBA?

A Database Administrator has full control over the database and dictates access levels.

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Study Notes

What is Game Theory?

  • Game Theory involves the study of decision-making problems with multiple agents.
  • It provides a formal description of strategic scenarios.
  • This includes defining the agents, their actions, and the payoffs for each outcome.

Prisoner's Dilemma

  • This is a classic example of game theory, involving Alice and Bob.
  • If both remain silent, they each face 1 year in prison due to lack of evidence.
  • If one defects (betrays) and the other stays silent, the defector is freed, and the silent one gets 10 years.
  • If both defect, they each receive 5 years in prison.

Prisoner's Dilemma - Formal Description

  • Agents: Alice, Bob
  • Actions: Silent, Defect (betray)
  • Payoffs: Expressed in a matrix indicating the years in prison for each player based on their decisions.

What is Algorithmic Game Theory?

  • It bridges game theory and computer science.
  • It focuses on computing solution concepts.
  • Also the design of mechanisms to meet specific objectives.
  • And analyzing how strategic behavior impacts systems.

Google Adwords

  • Advertisers bid for ad slots to display ads to users of search engines.
  • Google uses an auction to assign these slots.
  • Each advertiser associates a specific value with each click on their ad.
  • The auction decides which advertiser gets each slot and the price they have to pay.

Selfish Routing

  • Users aim to find the optimal route for traffic in a network.
  • Each user's goal is to minimize their delay.
  • Latency on each edge of the network varies, depending on the traffic volume.
  • Analyzing the traffic distribution that emerges.
  • Measuring resulting outcome inefficiency when compared to theoretical optimum.

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