Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Conditions Quiz

Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Conditions

• Cholangitis: Inflammation of the bile ducts.
• Choledocholithiasis: Gallstones within the biliary tree.
• Cholelithiasis: Gallstones.
• Bile Composition: Bilirubin, a yellow pigment, is a breakdown product of old red blood cells by the liver.
• Sphincter of Oddi: Muscle controlling the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum.
• Sphincter of Vater: Also controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum.
• Cystic Duct: Connects the gallbladder to the biliary tree.
• Common Bile Duct: Part of the biliary tree.
• Gallbladder Size: Normal gallbladder diameter should not exceed 8 cm.
• Gallbladder Wall Thickness: Normal wall thickness is typically less than 5mm.
• Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Gangrenous Cholecystitis: Acute cholecystitis leading to necrosis and abscess formation.
• Emphysematous Cholecystitis: A form of acute cholecystitis characterized by gas within the gallbladder wall.
• Gallbladder Blood Supply: The cystic artery provides direct blood supply.
• Common Hepatic Duct: Part of the biliary duct system.
• Right hepatic Duct: Part of the biliary duct system.

Pancreas Conditions

• Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Location: Most commonly found in the head of the pancreas.
• Acute Pancreatitis Sonographic Appearance: Early appearance is often normal, but inflamed pancreas can be hyperechoic.

Liver Conditions

• Fatty Liver Disease: Sonographic appearance is difficult penetration and a diffusely echogenic liver.
• Cirrhosis Causes: The most common cause is alcoholism. Hepatitis is another possibility.
• Liver Cancer Types: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type. Metastatic liver disease is also common.
• Hepatitis Clinical Findings: Jaundice, fever, and chills are common.
• Portal Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood toward the liver.
• Portal Vein Thrombosis: Can cause a difficult-to-penetrate, echogenic liver.

Spleen Conditions

• Splenic Hemangioma: Sonographic appearance is typically hypoechoic and rounded.
• Splenomegaly Causes: Portal hypertension is a frequent cause.

Other Abdominal Structures

• Aorta: Normal diameter in men is less than 3 cm.
• Aortic Aneurysms Most Common Cause: Atheroma or arteriosclerosis.

Red Blood Cell Production

• Erythropoiesis: The process of producing red blood cells.

Additional Clinical Points

• Acute Pancreatitis Early Sonographic Appearance: Often normal or a hyperechoic glandular pattern.
• Lipoma: Echogenic mass that does not produce acoustic shadowing.
• Blood supply to the gallbladder: The cystic artery.
• Retroperitoneal Structures: The aorta, psoas muscle, and kidneys are retroperitoneal. The spleen is not.

Test your knowledge on various gallbladder and biliary tract conditions including cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis. This quiz covers anatomy, bile composition, and specific medical terminologies related to the gallbladder. Challenge yourself to understand the intricacies of these important physiological systems.