Galaran Bactaireachd ann an Ainmhidh

Study Notes

Strangle: Caused by streptococcus equi. Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Common in horses and donkeys. Spread through respiratory secretions and saliva. Resistant strains can be seen in older animals.
Symptoms: Nasal discharge (clear, mucopurulent, or purulent), swelling of the submandibular or retropharyngeal lymph nodes, difficulty swallowing, potentially asphyxiation. Internal rupture of lymph nodes is a serious complication.
Forms: Typical, bastard, atypical. Atypical forms are milder and less common.
Complications: Purpura hemorrhagica (immune-mediated), guttural pouch empyema, post-strangles myocarditis, post-strangles anemia.

Purpura hemorrhagica: Immune system attacks blood vessels, leading to bleeding under the skin. Can be a complication of prior infection like Strangles.

Ulcerative Lymphangitis: Caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Inflammatory disorder of lymph vessels, often in the lower limbs of horses, cattle, and mules. Common in Egypt.
Symptoms: Skin wounds, abscesses in lymph vessels, high morbidity but low mortality.
Glanders: Caused by Burkholderia mallei. A severe, fatal disease of horses and occasionally other animals. Main mode of transmission is respiratory route. High mortality rates
Symptoms: Nasal discharge, sores, skin ulcers, often fatal.
Sporotrichosis: Caused by Sporothrix schenckii A fungal infection. Most often seen in horses. Can affect skin, lymph nodes, internal organs.
Tetanus: Caused by Clostridium tetani. An acute, fatal disease caused by bacterial toxins. Occurs when contamination is at the wound site.
Symptoms: Stiffness of body muscles, difficulty swallowing, spasms, lockjaw. Death from spasms, lack of respiration.
Joint Ill: Caused commonly by Streptococcus zooepidemicus + streptococcus equi.
Symptoms: Unwillingness to stand, swelling of the umbilical region, fever, and diarrhea, potentially fatal.
Dermatophilosis: Caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. A skin disease.
Symptoms: Skin lesions, causing crusting, scaling, inflammation, potentially fatal in cattle, and sheep.
Ringworm: Caused by various fungi. A skin disease of mammals.
Symptoms: Circular, patchy areas of hair loss, crusting, scaling.

General: Cleaning and disinfection of stables, isolating sick animals, controlling insect population, improving hygiene, and good vaccination routines are widely applicable.
Specific: Using antimicrobials, antitoxins, and/or surgical intervention may be necessary, as guided by the specific disease and its severity.