Veterinary Bacteriology

• MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a bluish-green pigment.
• CAMP test is for Streptococcus agalactiae.
• Clostridium botulinum causes limberneck in waterfowl.
• Encephalitis is the cause of circling disease in ruminants.
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathia causes diamond skin disease in pigs.
• Rhodococcus equi is a common bacterial cause of pulmonary abscesses in foals.
• Enterobacteriaceae is the largest family of enteric bacteria.
• Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium and a common cause of bladder infection in dogs.
• Proteus mirabilis swarms agar plates.
• Yersinia pestis causes bubonic plague.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces pyocyanin and is a common cause of otitis externa in dogs.
• Fusobacterium spp. is an obligate anaerobe implicated in footrot in cattle.
• Vibrio cholerae is spiral shaped.
• Campylobacter spp. may cause abortion in sheep and goat and diarrhea in carnivores.
• Campylobacter spp is spiral shaped
• Eptospirosis is transmitted by urine from infected animals.
• Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease and is transmitted by ticks.
• Helicobacter spp is a genus of bacteria found in the stomach that may be implicated in gastric ulcers in animals.
• Dermatophilus congolensis is the cause of mud fever or rain rot in horses and other animals.
• Mycobacterium bovis causes Tuberculosis in cattle.
• Acid Fast stain is for Tuberculosis, stained bacteria are red.
• Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease.
• Mycobacterium spp. survive by phagocytosis, being eaten by macrophages.
• Mycoplasma spp. looks like a fried egg and doesn't have a cell wall thus the difficult stain.
• Coxiella burnetiid causes Q fever, furthermore it which can cause abortion in goat, sheep and cattle and is zoonotic.

Fungi

• S.pneumonia does optochin tests
• Fungi is found in soil, water, air, organic matter and plants in the environment.
• Molds produce septate or aseptate hyphae called mycelium.
• Molds reproduce asexually through spore formation (conidia or sporangiospores) and sexually via specialized reproductive structures.
• Most yeasts reproduce asexually by budding, though some can also undergo binary fission or sexual reproduction through spore formation.
• Dermatophytes cause ringworm (dermatophytosis) on the skin, hair, and nails of animals.
• Common genera associated with ringworm are Microsporum and Trichophyton.
• Lichenification is the thickening and hardening of the skin due to chronic inflammation or irritation.
• Malassezia pachydermatis yeast is commonly found in the external ear canal of dogs and can be part of the normal flora.
• Cryptococcus neoformans fungal spores pose a risk to people who work with pigeons when inhaled.
• Sporothrix schenckii fungal organism is associated with rose handler's disease.
• Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species that can contaminate food and feed, leading to toxicity.
• Prototheca is a genus of algae that can uncommonly cause mastitis in cows.