Galactose Metabolism and Disorders

<p>It can be utilized in the synthesis of glycoproteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is converted into glucose-6-phosphate for glycolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defect in Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of toxic by-products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galactose-free diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of galactitol and osmotic swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmotic swelling from galactitol accumulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial symptom reversal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galactitol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The breakdown of galactose, a sugar found in milk, into usable energy. It involves a series of enzymatic reactions that convert galactose into glucose, which can be utilized by the body.

An enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose.

The initial step in galactose metabolism, where galactose is converted into galactose-1-phosphate using ATP as the phosphate donor.

An essential molecule in galactose metabolism that allows galactose to enter the glycolytic pathway. It is formed by transferring the phosphate from galactose-1-phosphate to UDP-glucose.

The enzyme responsible for the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate to UDP-galactose. It facilitates the transfer of a uridyl group from UDP-glucose to galactose-1-phosphate.

UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose.

Galactosemia is a genetic disorder where the body cannot properly break down galactose.

The primary cause of galactosemia is a deficiency in the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.

Toxic by-products build up in the body due to the inability to process galactose, leading to various health problems.

A galactose-free diet is the most effective way to manage galactosemia.

A galactose-free diet can reverse most symptoms of galactosemia, but mental retardation may persist.

Cataracts can develop in individuals with galactosemia due to the accumulation of galactitol inside cells.

Galactitol is a sugar alcohol produced from the reduction of galactose. Its accumulation can lead to osmotic swelling and the development of cataracts.