Chapter 13: Progressivism, Prohibition, and Politics 1900-1920
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Questions and Answers

Which political party did Woodrow Wilson represent in the election?

  • Socialist Party
  • Republican Party
  • Democratic Party (correct)
  • Progressive Party

What strategy did the Republicans in Kentucky adopt during the election?

  • They stayed neutral and did not vote.
  • They also rallied for Roosevelt. (correct)
  • They united in support of Taft.
  • They supported the Socialist candidate.

Who was notably critical of the Democrats during the campaign?

  • Henry Watterson
  • Morrow (correct)
  • Champ Clark
  • Eugene Debs

How did Eugene Debs, the Socialist candidate, fare in the election?

<p>He received a modest amount of votes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Democratic victory in this election?

<p>Republican votes were split. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two candidates pursued the Democratic nomination besides Wilson?

<p>Underwood and Clark (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterize the campaign style between Clark and Underwood?

<p>They engaged in fiery public disputes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common critique of past Republican governors according to Stanley?

<p>They were corrupt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event precipitated the calling of the militia by Governor Taylor?

<p>The assassination of Governor Goebel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the political stance of the legislature that convened after Governor Goebel's assassination?

<p>Republican (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Governor Goebel's last words reportedly focused on?

<p>Encouraging bravery and loyalty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate consequence of Governor Goebel's assassination?

<p>The establishment of a state of insurrection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which governor's actions are detailed in the events following the assassination?

<p>Governor Taylor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which town did the legislature reconvene after Goebel's death?

<p>London, Kentucky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'militia' refer to in the context of Governor Taylor's actions?

<p>A local volunteer army (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Goebel's assassination have on discussions within the legislature?

<p>They shifted towards more rational conversations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation for most of the political bosses mentioned?

<p>To attain and maintain political power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how political bosses often secured votes?

<p>By using unsavory or manipulative tactics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did some political bosses use their positions to benefit themselves financially?

<p>By gaining contracts for their firms or organizations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice exemplifies the unscrupulous methods used to manipulate elections?

<p>Voting by deceased individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common characteristic did many of the noted political bosses share regarding their backgrounds?

<p>They were primarily from immigrant communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method did Percy Haly reportedly use to ensure a political victory for his ally?

<p>Manipulating election votes in a precinct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the local boss imply about the use of money in political contexts?

<p>Money is meant to counteract negative sentiment towards their party. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did some political bosses distribute patronage?

<p>By granting jobs in government and public service sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable characteristic of the political bosses discussed in the content?

<p>They provided support to the poor and forgotten populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did some bosses employ when facing the challenge of receiving votes?

<p>Engaging in bribery or coercion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Governor Beckham's election in 1903?

<p>It was the first Democratic victory in sixteen years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to a close vote in the election during Beckham’s term?

<p>Disgruntled Brown Democrats voting Republican. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'kingmakers' refer to in the context of the bosses mentioned?

<p>Individuals who work behind the scenes to determine political leaders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the strategies employed by political bosses?

<p>Democratic victories despite the negative tactics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Beckham's administration's record of achievements appear?

<p>It was decidedly mixed with both successes and failures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the working class play during the time discussed?

<p>They often supported reform-minded candidates or parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key achievement of Governor Stanley during his term?

<p>He created a state tax commission. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the closest governor’s race in Kentucky's history?

<p>Stanley won by 471 votes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act was passed to prevent railroads from offering free passes to public figures?

<p>The Corrupt Practices Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What educational policy change was made under Governor Stanley?

<p>A budget for education was approved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the maximum number of hours of child labor allowed after the 1906 law amendment?

<p>Ten hours per day. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During whose governorship was a statewide Prohibition vote allowed?

<p>Governor Stanley (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant change proposed by the general assembly regarding taxation?

<p>To shift the taxation burden from property taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes Edwin P. Morrow?

<p>He was an attorney with political connections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of Mildred Lucas's election in 1884?

<p>Her election highlighted the limitations placed on women in politics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following women is recognized as a prominent leader in the nineteenth-century fight for women's rights in Kentucky?

<p>Laura Clay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the average daily wage for women compared to men in 1905?

<p>87.5¢ for women and $1.63 for men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the first targets in the fight for women's rights in Kentucky?

<p>Discriminatory divorce laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Kentucky factory workers were female by 1910?

<p>11% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social reform was sought by women during the movement?

<p>Prohibition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Cassius Marcellus Clay's views on women's rights differ from those of his daughters?

<p>He opposed women's rights, despite being an antislavery reformer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Laura Clay serve for twenty-four years concerning women's educational reform?

<p>President of the KERA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Assassination of Goebel

Governor Goebel was shot and killed, which led to political instability in Kentucky.

Governor Taylor's Response

Declaring a state of insurrection and calling out the militia to maintain order following Goebel's assassination.

Goebel's Last Words

Encouraging his supporters to be brave, fearless, and loyal to the people.

Political Instability

Disorder and tension in the political system following the assassination.

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State of Insurrection

A declaration that a state is facing rebellion or unrest.

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Reconvening the Legislature

Moving the legislature to a different location for safety.

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J.C.W.

Goebel's lieutenant governor.

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Democratic Legislators

Kentucky legislators aligned with the Democratic party.

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Political Patronage

The practice of rewarding political supporters with jobs or contracts.

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Political Bosses

Powerful individuals who controlled local politics and often used patronage to gain power and rewards.

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Patronage in Fire & Police

Bosses using their power to place allies in fire and police departments.

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Vote Manipulation

The act of influencing election results through fraudulent methods.

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Gerrymandering

The practice of manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor one party or group.

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Vote Buying

Paying voters to support specific candidates or policies.

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Influence of Money in Politics

The significant role that financial backing plays in gaining power and influencing elections.

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Insincere votes

Falsely reported votes in order to secure a political victory.

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Political Bosses

Powerful individuals who controlled local politics, often using patronage to gain power.

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1900 Election

A Kentucky election to determine if Governor Beckham would continue his term.

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Governor Beckham

The Kentucky governor facing reelection in 1900.

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Democratic Victory (1903)

The Democratic Party winning a majority of votes in the 1903 Kentucky election.

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Influence of Money in Politics

Significant role of financial backing in gaining power and influencing elections.

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Populists

Political party who largely returned to the Democratic Party.

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Close Election

Elections where the margin between candidates is very small.

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Shrewd Moves

Strategic decisions taken by Governor Beckham to possibly decide the election.

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1903 Kentucky Election

A Kentucky election where Woodrow Wilson became the Democratic candidate and won.

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Roosevelt vs. Taft

A division within the Republican party between President Taft and former President Roosevelt, leading to competition for votes.

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Woodrow Wilson

The Virginia-born candidate who became president after winning the 1903 Kentucky election.

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Campaign Style

The election strategy focusing on speeches, debates and personality, rather than detailed policy differences

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Kentucky Republicans divided

The Kentucky Republican Party split their votes during the 1903 election.

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Democratic opportunity for victory

The potential for the Democratic Party to win the 1903 election due to the Republican split.

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Gold Coins

A method used by a businessman to acquire mining rights to land owned by other people across Eastern Kentucky.

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Eastern Kentucky

Location of land purchase and resource negotiations, where a businessman was engaged in land purchase dealings and mining negotiations.

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1915 Kentucky Senator

Beckham became a senator in early 1915.

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Close Governor's Race

Governor Stanley won a close election in Kentucky history.

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Progressive Era Apex (KY)

Kentucky's Progressive Era reached its peak with Stanley's term.

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Corrupt Practices Act

Kentucky law preventing railroads from giving free passes to politicians.

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State Tax Commission

New Kentucky government body created to manage taxes.

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Statewide Prohibition

Kentucky voters decided on statewide alcohol prohibition through a state amendment.

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Child Labor Limits (1906)

Law restricting child labor hours to 10 per day and 60 per week, requiring children to be at least 16 years old to work.

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48-Hour Week (Child Labor)

Further changes to child labor laws which limited children to a 48-hour work week and an 8-hour workday.

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Women's Suffrage Movement in KY

A movement in Kentucky advocating for women's right to vote, often with discrimination against women in legal processes and workplace

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KY Women in the Workforce (1900s)

Growing presence of women in Kentucky factories and businesses during the early 1900s, yet facing discriminatory wages

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Divorce Laws (1894)

Kentucky divorce laws before 1894 allowed divorce only for adultery if the wife was the offender

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Laura Clay

A prominent leader of the nineteenth-century women's rights movement in Kentucky, serving as KERA president for 24 years and challenging discrimination in laws and society

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1903 Workplace Status of Women

By 1903, Women were no longer considered outsiders in Kentucky's business world. However, faced significant pay gap with men.

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Mildred Lucas's Election (1884)

A Kentucky woman (1884) elected to fill her husband's jailer position, but was subsequently barred from serving due to voting restrictions.

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Average Daily Wage (1905)

A study in 1905 indicated significant wage disparity between men and women in Kentucky, showing significant inequality.

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Changes in Society (1900s)

Aspects of society during the 1900's in Kentucky beginning to challenge the idea that women must remain in confined domestic spheres and actively promoted women's rights

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Study Notes

Woodrow Wilson's Election

  • Woodrow Wilson represented the Democratic Party in the election.
  • The Republicans in Kentucky adopted a strategy of focusing on local issues and criticizing the Democrats' record on corruption and inefficiency.
  • Eugene Debs, the Socialist candidate, received a small percentage of the vote.
  • The primary reason for the Democratic victory was the strong support of the working class and the backlash against the Republican Party's perceived corruption.

Candidates Competing for the Democratic Nomination

  • Two candidates, besides Wilson, competed for the Democratic nomination:
    • John W. Clark
    • Oscar W. Underwood
  • Clark and Underwood's campaign style was characterized by a personal attack on each other's character.

Governor Goebel's Assassination

  • Republican governors were criticized for their alleged corruption and use of patronage.
  • The calling of the militia by Governor Taylor was precipitated by a contested election.
  • The legislature that convened after Governor Goebel's assassination was dominated by Democrats.
  • Governor Goebel's last words reportedly focused on his hope for the state.
  • The immediate consequence of Goebel's assassination was the rise of political tension and the need for a new governor.

Governor Taylor's Actions

  • Governor Taylor's actions following Governor Goebel's assassination were detailed in the events surrounding the legislative session.
  • The legislature reconvened in Frankfort after Goebel's death.
  • The term "militia" in the context of Governor Taylor's actions refers to the state's armed forces who were used to quell the unrest following the assassination.
  • Goebel's assassination led to heated discussions within the legislature, with Democrats demanding justice and Republicans seeking to maintain order.

Political Bosses' Influence

  • The primary motivation for most political bosses was acquiring power and influence.
  • Political bosses often secured votes by providing favors, patronage jobs, and manipulating elections.
  • Some political bosses used their positions to benefit themselves financially through bribes, kickbacks, and other corrupt practices.
  • The use of "repeaters" (people voting multiple times) exemplifies the unscrupulous methods used in manipulating elections.
  • Many political bosses shared a common background in working-class jobs.
  • Percy Haly reportedly used intimidation and violence to ensure a political victory.
  • Local bosses in specific areas often implied that using money for political purposes was essential and expected.
  • Some political bosses distributed patronage by appointing their allies to government positions.
  • A notable characteristic of the political bosses discussed was their strong personal connections and network of influence.
  • Bosses facing difficulty receiving votes often used tactics like coercion and intimidation to gain support.

Beckham's Administration

  • Governor Beckham's election in 1903 was a significant victory for the Democratic Party.
  • A close vote during Beckham's term suggests the growing influence of the Republican Party and the ongoing tension between the two parties.
  • "Kingmakers" refers to the powerful political bosses who influenced elections and controlled political appointments.
  • The strategies employed by political bosses resulted in their maintaining or increasing their influence within the political system.
  • Beckham's administration's record of achievements was seen as moderate and focused on addressing practical concerns.

The Working Class

  • The working class played a crucial role in the politics of the era, often serving as the base of support for various political factions.

Governor Stanley's Achievements

  • Governor Stanley's key achievement was his focus on education reform.
  • The closest governor’s race in Kentucky's history involved Stanley.

Educational Reforms

  • An act was passed to prevent railroads from offering free passes to public figures, a tactic used to influence politicians.
  • Under Governor Stanley, a significant educational policy change occurred: the establishment of a State Board of Education.
  • After the 1906 law amendment, the maximum number of hours allowed for child labor in a day was reduced to 10.

Social Reforms

  • A statewide Prohibition vote was allowed during Governor James B. McCreary's governorship.
  • The general assembly proposed a significant change regarding taxation by implementing a state income tax.
  • Edwin P.Morrow was an influential figure in the Kentucky Senate, known for his commitment to public schools and state-funded higher education.

The Women's Movement

  • Mildred Lucas's election in 1884 was a significant milestone for women in politics.
  • Laura Clay is recognized as a prominent leader in the nineteenth-century fight for women's rights in Kentucky.
  • In 1905, women earned an average daily wage of 0.50comparedto0.50 compared to 0.50comparedto1.50 for men.
  • One of the first targets in the fight for women's rights in Kentucky was the right to vote.
  • By 1910, 35% of Kentucky factory workers were female.
  • Women sought social reforms like equal pay, improved working conditions, and suffrage.
  • Cassius Marcellus Clay's views on women's rights differed from those of his daughters, who were actively involved in the movement.
  • Laura Clay served as president of the Kentucky Woman Suffrage Association for twenty-four years.

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