Biology - Health and Disease

State the specific definition of 'Health'.

What does 'correlation' mean?

What does 'causation' mean?

In relation to disease correlation, What three factors, from having a disease can make it easier for pathogens to infect you? (Select all that apply)

Having one disease can make it less likely for a person to develop another.

People with ___ disease are more likely to suffer from heart disease. In this case bleeding gums allows ______ to enter.

What is the definition of 'disease'?

Select the correct features of communicable diseases: (Select all that apply)

Select the correct possible causes of non-communicable diseases: (Select all that apply)

Match the type of disease with their correct definition:

Pathogens are - organisms that can be passed from one organism to another. These include ______, ______, ______ and ____.

What is the definition of pathogens?

Match the key words with their definitions:

Match the key words with their definitions:

Which of the following describes the method of airborne spreading of pathogens?

Describe the method of airborne spreading of pathogens.

Match the type of contamination with an example:

Which of the following describes the method of the oral route spreading pathogens?

Describe the method of the oral route spreading pathogens.

Which of the following describes the method of contagion spreading pathogens?

Describe the method of contagion spreading pathogens.

Which of the following describes the method of vectors spreading pathogens?

Describe the method of vectors spreading pathogens.

What do STIs stand for?

STIs are carried in bodily fluids such as _____ and ______ fluid.

Other than bodily fluids, HIV can also be spread by using dirty needles.

State the 2 main methods of how STIs can be prevented.

Many who are infected by STIs have no symptoms.

Untreated STIs may spread to other parts of the body and cause - problems. They can be treated with ________.

What type of pathogen causes the STI Chlamydia?

Chlamydia is often symptomless, but if there are symptoms, they could be...

Which type of pathogen causes the STI, HIV?

What can having HIV mean?

Select the correct statements made about the STI, HIV. (Select all that apply)

What are physical barriers to infection?

Name three physical barriers of infection.

Match the examples of physical barriers with what they do:

Explain the process of the physical barrier: mucus and ciliated cells.

What are chemical barriers to infection?

Name three chemical barriers of infection.

Match the barriers of infection with their descriptions

Match the barriers of infection with their descriptions:

In the primary immune response, the pathogens ______ cause antibodies to be produced by lymphocytes. The ________ bind to the antigens on the pathogens. This helps to _____ the pathogen. Lastly, ______ lymphocytes are also made and begin to ____.

Describe and explain the primary immune response.

If the memory lymphocites come across the same _______ they will quickly change into lymphocites and produce a large amount of ______ very quickly. This will _____ the pathogen. This means that if you are exposed to the same pathogen again you should not suffer from the disease again. This is called the ________ ______ _______.

Describe and explain the primary and secondary immune response.

1. Immunisation starts off with the infection of a ______.
2. The immune system recognises these ___ ___ antigens.
3. _________ recognise these.
4. Antibodies on the surface of the lymphocites bind onto ______.
5. -_____ are activated.
6. They start to clone making lots of _______.
7. They may attack, immobilise, neutralise or ____ the pathogen.
8. The primary response then takes place where the antibodies do take time and you will get ill and show _______.
9. The secondary response triggers the production of ______ lymphocites where they can stay in the body forever.

Describe and explain the process of immunisation.

Match the key terms relating to immunisation with their definitions:

Match the immunisation response with the correct definition:

Select the correct order of the steps of vaccination:

Describe and explain the steps of vaccination.

What are antibiotics?

What pathogen do antibiotics not work on?

Antibiotics cause bacteria to ____ open (lyse) or prevent them from ______.

When you are given an antibiotic almost all the bacteria are _____. However, the ones that survive are likey to have a ______ that makes them antibiotic resistant. These bacteria survive and _______, passing on the _____ for antibiotic resistance. Overtime the bacteria become even more _______ over many generations (evolution). The antibiotic resistant bacteria may pass on to another person. This person will therefore have an ______ that is resistant to the original antibiotic. A _______ antibiotic will then have to be used in order to kill the bacteria. This process is called antibiotic _______

Can you describe and explain the process of antibiotic resistance?

Select the correct ways of preventing antibiotic resistance. (Select all that apply)

Why should you always finish a course of antibiotics?

The process of how new medices are developed: First created in a ___, tested on cells and tissues, tested on _____, tested on small group of healthy volunteers, tested on larger groups of patients suffering from the ______, tested on ______ of patients suffering, Larger scale double blind trial, Drug is decided whether it is ______ or not.

The process of how new medices are developed: First created in a lab, tested on ___ and tissues, tested on animals, tested on a small group of _____ volunteers, tested on _____ groups of patients suffering from the disease, tested on hundreds of patients suffering, Larger scale double ____ trial, Drug is decided whether it is approved or not.

What is malnutrition?

If you consume too much food undernutrition or overnutrition for your energy requirements it can lead to _______.

What is malnutrition?

Select the factors that can affect the likelihood of developing non-communicable diseases. (Select all that apply)

Select the factors that can affect the likelihood of developing communicable diseases. (Select all that apply)

People who drink large amounts over time may suffer from long-term organ damage, especially the _____.

1. Cigarette smoke contains harmful ______.
2. These are absorbed from the _____ into the blood.
3. These chemicals can damage blood ______.
4. They can _____ blood vessels.
5. They can increase blood ______.
6. They can lead to _____ clots forming.

Match the nutrient/vitamin with the deficiency disease caused by a lack of it:

Match the deficiency disease with their symptoms: